Mining Incidents

Blue Knob Surface Mine: 66 MSHA citations Coal

Richwood, Greenbrier County, WV  ·  Temporarily Idled
MSHA Mine ID: 4609448

Blue Knob Surface Mine has $24K in proposed MSHA penalties and $0 outstanding across 4 contested dockets, plus health sampling and the full incident record.

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Fatalities
0
Total incidents
5
Years on record
2016–2021
Latest incident
Jan 2021
Compliance record
MSHA citations since 2013
66
citations
9
significant & substantial
$24,002
proposed penalties
$15,734
paid to date
66% of proposed penalties paid to date, a $8,268 gap.
Source: MSHA violations data, updated weekly.
Inspection activity
MSHA inspections since 2013
59
inspections on record
2,866
inspection hours
2.3
citations per 100 inspection hours
This rate is recorded citations divided by MSHA inspection hours, per 100 hours. It reflects inspection effort, not mine size or production.
66 citations across 2,866 inspection hours.
Source: MSHA inspections data, updated weekly.

Blue Knob Surface Mine has $24K in proposed MSHA penalties and $0 outstanding across 4 contested dockets.

Penalty disposition
Differences between proposed and paid penalties reflect both settlements and conference reductions and amounts still owed. Outstanding is the balance currently owed.
$24K
proposed penalties
$16K
current assessed
$16K
paid to date
$0
outstanding
66 assessments are final orders; 4 contested dockets.
Of $16K in penalties contested before the Commission, $7K was upheld in final decisions.
As of the most recent assessment on 2023-11-06.
Source: MSHA assessed-violations and conference/litigation data, updated weekly.
Violation severity profile
Shares are computed over citations that carry the MSHA gravity and negligence coding; a small share of records are uncoded.
13.6%
significant & substantial
1.5%
high negligence or reckless
13.6%
reasonably likely or greater
39.4%
permanently disabling or fatal if injury occurs
Negligence coding: 0.0% none, 30.3% low, 68.2% moderate, 1.5% high, 0.0% reckless.
Source: MSHA violations gravity and negligence coding, updated weekly.
When citations were contested
Contesting a citation before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission is a lawful right. These figures state the public outcomes of that process, from MSHA's Contested Violations file.
22 citations taken to the federal commission · 33% of citations on record
  • Settled 21 · 95%
  • Stood as issued 1 · 5%
60%
S&S designation survived the contest
Counts a Significant & Substantial citation as surviving when a settlement or judge's decision kept the designation, or the contest was dismissed or defaulted so the citation stands as issued. Vacated and withdrawn citations, and settlements that removed the designation, count against.
of 5 decided S&S contests · industry: 79%
53%
Penalty reduction in decided contests
$16K proposed, $7K after decisions · industry: 39%
Source: MSHA Contested Violations file (public record), updated weekly. A dismissed or defaulted contest leaves the citation standing as issued; a vacated or withdrawn citation is removed from the violation record. Latest contest filed 2020-07-13.
Contested penalties
A reduction or dismissal at the Commission is a lawful outcome of contesting a proposed penalty. Figures are the proposed amount and the amount upheld in the docket's decision.
Largest penalties this mine contested before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission, with the outcome on record.
Docket Decision Judge Year Proposed / upheld
WEVA 2020-0397 Settlement McCarthy 2020 $6K → $1K
WEVA 2019-0499 Settlement Rae 2020 $5K → $3K
WEVA 2020-0456 Settlement 2020 $4K → $2K
WEVA 2014-2002 Default Lesnick 2015 $540 → $540
Source: FMSHRC civil penalty dockets and decisions (public record), updated weekly.

MSHA sampling at Blue Knob Surface Mine shows 99% of 307 respirable coal dust samples met the 1.5 mg/m3 standard.

Health sampling
A sample is a point in time compliance measurement, not an individual exposure history. These figures describe MSHA sampling records and do not establish causation or personal dose.

Respirable coal dust
Respirable coal dust and silica figures cover coal facilities. Dust compliance is measured against the current 1.5 mg/m3 standard; samples predating the 2014 standard are included, so compliance rates are a coarse historical signal.

Last sampled: 2024-05-02
99%
within 1.5 mg/m3
307
samples
2.30
dust max (mg/m3)
3
over MSHA ECV
The excessive concentration value (ECV) is MSHA's own per-sample enforcement threshold, which builds in measurement uncertainty; a sample over its ECV can trigger a citation. The count covers only samples MSHA assigned an ECV.
145 samples taken by MSHA inspectors, 162 by the operator.
Most-sampled occupations
  • HIGHWALL DRILL OPERATOR140
  • BULLDOZER OPERATOR113
  • REFUSE TRUCK DRIVER/BACKFILL TRUCK DRIVE28

Silica (quartz)

Last sampled: 2024-05-10
18.9
silica avg (%)
26
samples
54.4
silica max (%)
Most-sampled occupations
  • HIGHWALL DRILL OPERATOR15
  • BULLDOZER OPERATOR11

Noise
The share counts noise samples whose measured dose exceeded the 90 dBA permissible exposure limit. It describes the sampled workplace, not what reached the miner's ear: hearing conservation programs and the hearing protection worn during the shift are recorded separately and are not reflected here.

Last sampled: 2023-11-28
0%
over PEL
64
samples
Most-sampled occupations
  • BULLDOZER OPERATOR20
  • REFUSE TRUCK DRIVER/BACKFILL TRUCK DRIVE20
  • HIGHLIFT OPERATOR/FRONT END LOADER12
Source: MSHA respirable dust, quartz, and noise sampling records, updated weekly.
Health sampling trend
A sample is a point in time compliance measurement, not an individual exposure history. These figures describe MSHA sampling records and do not establish causation or personal dose.
Respirable coal dust by year
Respirable coal dust and silica figures cover coal facilities. Dust compliance is measured against the current 1.5 mg/m3 standard; samples predating the 2014 standard are included, so compliance rates are a coarse historical signal.
Year within 1.5 mg/m3 samples
2024 100% 3
2023 100% 8
2022 93% 14
2021 97% 32
2020 100% 48
2019 100% 44
2018 100% 41
2017 100% 31
2016 100% 40
2015 100% 15
2014 100% 21
2013 100% 10
Silica (quartz) by year
Year silica avg (%) samples
2024 12.7 1
2023 12.5 1
2021 13.7 2
2019 15.9 2
2018 31.5 8
2017 7.8 2
2016 14.2 5
2015 14.6 4
2014 10.4 1
Noise by year
Year over PEL samples
2023 0% 3
2022 0% 3
2021 0% 4
2020 0% 5
2019 0% 5
2018 0% 10
2016 0% 5
2015 0% 5
2014 0% 12
2013 0% 12
Source: MSHA respirable dust, quartz, and noise sampling records, updated weekly.

Blue Knob Surface Mine recorded 2.32 reportable injury cases per 100 full-time workers in 2021.

Injury rate, 2021
This rate is reportable injury cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers per year, computed as 200,000 times cases divided by MSHA operator-reported employee-hours. Cases are injuries MSHA graded degree 01 through 07; accident-only events that hurt no one are excluded, and so are contractor injuries, whose hours do not attach to a single mine. Rates begin in 2000, when quarterly employment reporting starts, and are withheld below 20,000 hours in a year.
2.32
total case rate
0.00
days-away rate
0.000
fatality rate
Below average. The US coal mining average was 3.35 and the all-US-mining average was 2.19 cases per 100 workers.
In West Virginia, coal mining averaged 3.83 cases per 100 workers that year.
Under 100,000 employee-hours were reported that year, so a single case moves the rate by two or more. Read the figure as approximate.
Year total case rate days-away fatal
2021 * 2.32 0.00 0.000
2020 * 0.00 0.00 0.000
2019 0.00 0.00 0.000
2018 * 0.00 0.00 0.000
2017 1.97 0.00 0.000
2016 * 14.23 4.74 0.000
2015 * 0.00 0.00 0.000
2014 0.00 0.00 0.000
* Fewer than 100,000 employee-hours that year; the rate is less stable.
Source: injury cases from MSHA accident and injury records; employee-hours from MSHA quarterly employment reports. Rate is cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers, operator employees only.
Ownership history
  1. South Fork Coal Co., LLC 2012 to present
Source: MSHA controller and operator history, updated weekly.
Workforce and production
Coal production is reported quarterly and lags the current period; the most recent quarters may be incomplete.
Year Employees Coal produced (tons)
2025 0
2024 0
2023 1
2022 2
2021 34 106,544
2020 40 150,948
2019 44 216,950
2018 35 82,229
2017 40 177,490
2016 20 96,945
2015 31 101,520
2014 56 408,495
2013 27 162,636
2012 2
Source: MSHA quarterly employment and production, updated weekly.

Blue Knob Surface Mine sits in Greenbrier County, West Virginia, where the Census mining category is 1.7% of county employment.

Local economic context
County figures come from the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey, 5-year pooled estimates, so the 2023 vintage covers 2019 through 2023. The Census category is 'mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction', which is broader than MSHA jurisdiction and includes oil and gas workers no mine employs. These figures describe the surrounding county, not this mine, and are not a factor in any specific incident.
Greenbrier County, West Virginia · Population 32,688
1.7%
Mining share of county employment
$48,662
Median household income
Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2023 5-year estimates.
Quarterly safety rates
Citations per million reported employee-hours. Rates begin in 2000, when MSHA's quarterly employment data starts; earlier incidents are counted but cannot be rate-adjusted. Quarters under 100,000 reported hours are greyed: too few hours for a stable rate.
Citations per million employee-hours, as reported to MSHA
Quarter Hours worked Citations S&S Per 1M hrs
2025 Q2 0 0 0
2025 Q1 0 0 0
2024 Q4 0 0 0
2024 Q3 0 0 0
2024 Q2 0 0 0
2024 Q1 0 0 0
2023 Q4 0 1 0
2023 Q3 786 0 0 0.0
Show 44 earlier quarters
Quarter Hours worked Citations S&S Per 1M hrs
2023 Q2 758 0 0 0.0
2023 Q1 746 0 0 0.0
2022 Q4 792 1 0 1262.6
2022 Q3 836 0 0 0.0
2022 Q2 1,461 0 0 0.0
2022 Q1 1,430 0 0 0.0
2021 Q4 8,094 0 0 0.0
2021 Q3 23,298 0 0 0.0
2021 Q2 27,347 1 1 36.6
2021 Q1 27,524 1 0 36.3
2020 Q4 14,793 3 0 202.8
2020 Q3 29,918 1 0 33.4
2020 Q2 27,259 4 0 146.7
2020 Q1 24,970 1 0 40.0
2019 Q4 22,271 2 0 89.8
2019 Q3 30,040 6 2 199.7
2019 Q2 29,528 0 0 0.0
2019 Q1 26,214 17 3 648.5
2018 Q4 13,465 0 0 0.0
2018 Q3 13,880 0 0 0.0
2018 Q2 12,120 4 1 330.0
2018 Q1 17,148 0 0 0.0
2017 Q4 17,435 0 0 0.0
2017 Q3 22,499 4 1 177.8
2017 Q2 28,659 2 1 69.8
2017 Q1 32,694 0 0 0.0
2016 Q4 24,534 1 0 40.8
2016 Q3 8,449 1 0 118.4
2016 Q2 8,088 0 0 0.0
2016 Q1 1,095 0 0 0.0
2015 Q4 629 0 0 0.0
2015 Q3 577 0 0 0.0
2015 Q2 28,408 0 0 0.0
2015 Q1 42,523 0 0 0.0
2014 Q4 35,697 0 0 0.0
2014 Q3 41,425 0 0 0.0
2014 Q2 35,986 2 0 55.6
2014 Q1 29,269 0 0 0.0
2013 Q4 20,975 1 0 47.7
2013 Q3 16,338 0 0 0.0
2013 Q2 16,237 0 0 0.0
2013 Q1 15,594 0 0 0.0
2012 Q4 676 0 0 0.0
2012 Q3 0 0 0
No fatalities recorded at this mine.

Reportable incidents

5 on file

2021 · 1 incident

January 6, 2021 WV · Coal utility man, shift tech, service/dump truck operator HANDLING OF MATERIALS
South Fork Coal Co., LLC · Caught in, under or between a moving and a stationary object

Victim was assisting with the replacement of a tooth on a loader bucket. Apparently EE's glove froze to the tooth and EE couldn't get EE's hand out of the way in time and EE's finger was caught between the tooth and mount. The tip of EE's left pinky finger was smashed between the two. The nail on EE's finger was removed

2017 · 1 incident

June 5, 2017 WV · Coal front-end loader, scraper-loader operator, pan operator, payloader, scraper rig operator POWERED HAULAGE
South Fork Coal Co., LLC · Struck by falling object

Victim was operating assigned loader. It had been raining a substantial amount. A rock fell from the highwall and struck the windshield of the loader causing dust, dirt & glass to get in EE's eyes. EMT's flushed and bandaged EE's eyes. At the hospital no foreign material was found in EE's eyes but there was minor scratches. Ointment was applied and EE was released.

2016 · 3 incidents

December 16, 2016 WV · Coal utility man, shift tech, service/dump truck operator SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON
South Fork Coal Co., LLC · Fall to the walkway or working surface

The 2nd shift foreman, victim and another person were unhooking and draining the lines from the 8' water pump which had frozen. The water which came out of the water lines froze due to the -5 degree temperatures. Victim was holding onto the bed of the foreman's pickup when EE's feet slipped and EE fell on the ice. EE sustained a fractured left radius.

June 6, 2016 WV · Coal bulldozer operator, universal operator, heavy equipment operator, operating engineer SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON
South Fork Coal Co., LLC · Caught in, under or between (Not Elsewhere Classified)

Victim was parking assigned dozer at the end of shift. EE stated to mine superintendent that EE was dismounting the dozer facing forward instead of backward and foot slipped off the push arm and went between the push arm and the track frame. EE suffered a fractured tibia just below the right knee. Surgery was done the next day to repair the damage.

April 13, 2016 WV · Coal bulldozer operator, universal operator, heavy equipment operator, operating engineer DUST DISEASE OF LUNGS
South Fork Coal Co., LLC · Inhalation of radiations, caustics, toxic and noxious substances

We were notified on 04/13/2016 that employee had been ruled compensable for a black lung claim. Employee's employment at this mine ended due to a lack of work on 05/05/2015.