Abandoned mines in Idaho County, Idaho

1. Mine openings

   shafts, adits, air shafts, portals and vertical openings: the ways into underground workings
   335 37.7%
2. Prospect pits and trenches

   shallow exploration diggings that never became a mine
   308 34.7%
3. Mines and surface workings

   labelled mines, open pits, strip mines, placer and hydraulic workings
   91 10.2%
4. Quarries, gravel and borrow pits

   construction-material and industrial-mineral extraction
   111 12.5%
5. Dumps, tailings, spoil and gob

   what mining left above ground
   43 4.8%

A name is the label printed beside the symbol on the map. "First mapped" is the earliest topographic edition that shows the symbol, which bounds the feature's age from above; it is not the date it was worked. Unnamed features (most prospect pits, adits and shafts carry no label) are in the counts above but not this list.

1. #4 Mine

   Underground metal/non-metal · Sentinel Mines Corp · MSHA ID 1001533
   Abandoned 1983-10-01
2. 5 Spot Mine

   Surface metal/non-metal · Zain Wilcox · MSHA ID 1001462
   Abandoned 1981-01-15
3. 7 Mile Pit

   Surface metal/non-metal · L Prince Construction · MSHA ID 1001891
   Abandoned 1994-09-06
4. Abie Welch Rock Pit

   Surface metal/non-metal · Abie O Welch · MSHA ID 1001381
   Abandoned 1983-01-28
5. Altman Pit

   Surface metal/non-metal · Wickes Forest Industries · MSHA ID 1001229
   Abandoned 1979-06-05
6. American Mine

   Underground metal/non-metal · Miles Painter · MSHA ID 1001333
   Abandoned 1981-01-15
7. Baker'S Lode

   Underground metal/non-metal · Virgil L Baker · MSHA ID 1001485
   Abandoned 1983-12-20
8. Bald Eagle Claim

   Surface metal/non-metal · Mel Fjield · MSHA ID 1001653
   Abandoned 1985-09-16
9. Banner Mine

   Underground metal/non-metal · Donald Alm Mining & Construction · MSHA ID 1001617
   Abandoned 1983-12-20
10. Big Buffalo Mine

    Surface metal/non-metal · Big Buffalo LLC · MSHA ID 1002219
    Abandoned 2012-12-07
11. Big Foot Mine #1

    Surface metal/non-metal · Billie Wilson · MSHA ID 1001492
    Abandoned 1983-10-01
12. Blue Angel Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Blue Angel Mining Company · MSHA ID 1001508
    Abandoned 1983-01-10
13. Bluebird Placer

    Surface metal/non-metal · John F & William R Brown · MSHA ID 1001654
    Abandoned 1985-07-29
14. Boulder Creek Pit

    Surface metal/non-metal · U S Forest Service · MSHA ID 1001259
    Abandoned 1980-01-04
15. Brinkerhoff Rock

    Surface metal/non-metal · Justin Brinkerhoff Trucking and Excavating LLC · MSHA ID 1002327
    Abandoned 2025-03-10
16. Bucher Bar Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Lamar Burnett · MSHA ID 1001258
    Abandoned 1983-01-03
17. Buffalo Gulch

    Facility metal/non-metal · Idaho Gold Corp · MSHA ID 1001584
    Abandoned 1988-07-21
18. Buffalo Gulch

    Surface metal/non-metal · Idaho Gold Corp · MSHA ID 1001794
    Abandoned 1992-07-15
19. Bullion Silver Lode

    Surface metal/non-metal · Mine Service Corp · MSHA ID 1000429
    Abandoned 1980-01-04
20. Buster Leach Plant

    Facility metal/non-metal · Hws Gold & Silver Ltd · MSHA ID 1001612
    Abandoned 1984-07-25
21. Calumet Mine

    Surface metal/non-metal · Southworth Mining · MSHA ID 1001578
    Abandoned 1983-01-03
22. Camco Incorporated Portable Crusher

    Surface metal/non-metal · Camco Inc · MSHA ID 1001752
    Abandoned 1989-12-19
23. Carpenter Pit

    Surface metal/non-metal · Camas Gravel Company · MSHA ID 1000807
    Abandoned 1980-01-04
24. Center Star Gold Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Raymond F Robinson Inc · MSHA ID 1001534
    Abandoned 1983-10-01
25. CH 2

    Surface metal/non-metal · Beco Construction Co Inc · MSHA ID 1001907
    Abandoned 2007-04-02
26. Charla Placer

    Surface metal/non-metal · Manning & Sanford · MSHA ID 1001651
    Abandoned 1986-08-22
27. Clearwater Forest Industries Quarry

    Surface metal/non-metal · Clearwater Forest Industries Inc · MSHA ID 1001289
    Abandoned 1979-05-14
28. Clearwater Pit

    Surface metal/non-metal · H & H Contractors Inc · MSHA ID 1000967
    Abandoned 1980-06-24
29. Colonel Sellers

    Surface metal/non-metal · Jongault Mines Inc · MSHA ID 1001097
    Abandoned 1981-01-15
30. CR3

    Surface metal/non-metal · Lurre Construction, Inc. · MSHA ID 1002292
    Abandoned 2017-08-21
31. Crooked River Project

    Surface metal/non-metal · Seubert Excavators Inc · MSHA ID 1001544
    Abandoned 1981-10-27
32. Crystal Lode & Gold Hill Lode

    Underground metal/non-metal · Crystal & Gold Hill Partnership · MSHA ID 1002384
    Abandoned 2026-02-27
33. Crystal Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · War Eagle Trust · MSHA ID 1001577
    Abandoned 1983-10-01
34. Dandy O

    Surface metal/non-metal · Fault Line Mining LLC. · MSHA ID 1002329
    Abandoned 2021-04-27
35. Deadhawk Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Blue Angel Mining Company · MSHA ID 1001554
    Abandoned 1983-01-10
36. Deadwood Placer

    Surface metal/non-metal · A & T Mining · MSHA ID 1001614
    Abandoned 1985-08-01
37. Double Diamond Hitch #1

    Underground metal/non-metal · Hungry Ore Mining Company · MSHA ID 1001414
    Abandoned 1983-10-01
38. Doumecq Pit

    Surface metal/non-metal · Camas Gravel Company · MSHA ID 1001455
    Abandoned 1980-06-26
39. Dream 1 and 2

    Surface metal/non-metal · Consolidated Industries, LLC. · MSHA ID 1002102
    Abandoned 2007-06-21
40. Eagle 32

    Underground metal/non-metal · Silver Crystal Mines Inc · MSHA ID 1001810
    Abandoned 1988-08-03
41. Eagle Consolidated Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Eagle Consolidated · MSHA ID 1001121
    Abandoned 1980-02-05
42. Echo Group Ii

    Surface metal/non-metal · Valley Rock · MSHA ID 1001744
    Abandoned 1990-08-15
43. ECKERT'S HILL MINE & MILL SITE

    Surface metal/non-metal · Idaho Consolidated Metals Corp · MSHA ID 1001843
    Abandoned 1997-10-20
44. Elmer Wolff Mill

    Facility metal/non-metal · Elmer Wolff · MSHA ID 1001494
    Abandoned 1982-12-17
45. Emarald Mine

    Surface metal/non-metal · Emarald Mines · MSHA ID 1001684
    Abandoned 1988-07-19
46. Erickson Reef Placer

    Surface metal/non-metal · Erickson Reef Placer Ltd · MSHA ID 1001650
    Abandoned 1985-07-29
47. Fiddle Creek Drift Placer

    Underground metal/non-metal · Fiddle Creek Associates Ltd · MSHA ID 1001516
    Abandoned 1983-10-01
48. Fortune Lode

    Surface metal/non-metal · Drumlummon Gold Mines Corp · MSHA ID 1001809
    Abandoned 1988-07-20
49. Four Mile Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Robert C Pound · MSHA ID 1001560
    Abandoned 1984-02-10
50. Frozen Assets Claim

    Surface metal/non-metal · Strategic Mineral Investment Inc · MSHA ID 1001545
    Abandoned 1984-05-22
51. Gehring Pit

    Surface metal/non-metal · Seubert Excavators Inc · MSHA ID 1001371
    Abandoned 1979-11-13
52. Geronimo Mining Incorporated

    Surface metal/non-metal · Geronimo Mining Inc · MSHA ID 1001757
    Abandoned 1986-12-15
53. Gold Springs

    Surface metal/non-metal · Earl Johnson-Ownr · MSHA ID 1001687
    Abandoned 1986-08-22
54. Golden Anchor Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Bagdad Chase Inc · MSHA ID 1001848
    Abandoned 1989-12-18
55. Golden Eagle Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Golden Eagle Mines Inc · MSHA ID 1001116
    Abandoned 1984-07-28
56. Grouse Creek Mine

    Surface metal/non-metal · Grouse Creek Mining · MSHA ID 1001622
    Abandoned 1985-08-26
57. GTM Crushing

    Surface metal/non-metal · Grangeville Transit Mix Inc · MSHA ID 1002063
    Abandoned 2017-07-31
58. Haener Pit

    Surface metal/non-metal · H & H Contractors Inc · MSHA ID 1001356
    Abandoned 1983-01-28
59. Haystack Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Haystack Mine Inc · MSHA ID 1001311
    Abandoned 1983-10-01
60. Heritage Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Heritage Mine · MSHA ID 1001751
    Abandoned 1994-07-20
61. Highland Enterprises Inc Crusher #2

    Surface metal/non-metal · Highland Enterprises Inc · MSHA ID 1002041
    Abandoned 2005-07-25
62. Horsefly Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Blue Angel Mining Company · MSHA ID 1001553
    Abandoned 1983-01-10
63. Humbolt Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Humboldt Associates Ltd · MSHA ID 1001424
    Abandoned 1984-07-11
64. I D K Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Jack Cochran Partner · MSHA ID 1001237
    Abandoned 1983-01-10
65. Id 1075

    Surface metal/non-metal · Materne Brothers Company · MSHA ID 1001079
    Abandoned 1978-09-05
66. Idaho County Rock Pit

    Surface metal/non-metal · Seubert Excavators Inc · MSHA ID 1001452
    Abandoned 1980-06-24
67. Jackpot Mine

    Surface metal/non-metal · William Fry Owner · MSHA ID 1001257
    Abandoned 1981-01-15
68. John Day Creek Pit

    Surface metal/non-metal · Camas Gravel Company · MSHA ID 1001509
    Abandoned 1981-01-08
69. John Day Hope

    Surface metal/non-metal · Dave Cereghino · MSHA ID 1001853
    Abandoned 1991-04-29
70. John Day Placer

    Surface metal/non-metal · A & T Mining · MSHA ID 1001677
    Abandoned 1992-08-25
71. Johnson Mining

    Surface metal/non-metal · Johnson Mining · MSHA ID 1001488
    Abandoned 1983-09-01
72. Key Milling Company

    Facility metal/non-metal · Key Milling Company · MSHA ID 1001483
    Abandoned 1984-07-12
73. Kidder Ridge Pit

    Surface metal/non-metal · Kidder Harris Highway District · MSHA ID 1001228
    Abandoned 1980-01-04
74. Kimberly Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Gold Resources Inc · MSHA ID 1001423
    Abandoned 1983-08-01
75. LIME MT. QUARRY

    Surface metal/non-metal · Idaho Lime · MSHA ID 1001725
    Abandoned 2000-05-01
76. Little Mallard Creek Placer

    Surface metal/non-metal · Black Sands Mining Company · MSHA ID 1001628
    Abandoned 1985-08-26
77. Little Moose Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Little Moose Consolidated · MSHA ID 1000678
    Abandoned 1982-06-16
78. Llorain Lode #1

    Surface metal/non-metal · Micro Gold #2 Partnership · MSHA ID 1000976
    Abandoned 1985-05-03
79. Lone Pine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Lone Pine · MSHA ID 1001421
    Abandoned 1983-08-31
80. Lone Pine Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Global Development Corporation International · MSHA ID 1001351
    Abandoned 1983-09-08
81. Lost Irishman

    Underground metal/non-metal · Lost Irishman Mining Company · MSHA ID 1001526
    Abandoned 1985-06-03
82. Lucile Lime

    Underground metal/non-metal · Hubert Hillman Company · MSHA ID 1001670
    Abandoned 1985-10-29
83. M&M Rock

    Surface metal/non-metal · M&M Enterprises LLC · MSHA ID 1002348
    Abandoned 2024-03-19
84. Majestic Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Doug Hughes · MSHA ID 1001493
    Abandoned 1983-10-01
85. Mary K Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · M J Mining Corp · MSHA ID 1002323
    Abandoned 2024-03-20
86. Maxwell Placer

    Surface metal/non-metal · Idaho Mining & Development Company · MSHA ID 1001618
    Abandoned 1985-12-19
87. Mc Laughlin Pit

    Surface metal/non-metal · Camas Gravel Company · MSHA ID 1001384
    Abandoned 1980-01-04
88. Mill Quartz

    Underground metal/non-metal · Alfred A Reed · MSHA ID 1001556
    Abandoned 1983-10-01
89. Moose Creek Placer'S

    Surface metal/non-metal · A & T Mining · MSHA ID 1001325
    Abandoned 1983-07-07
90. New York

    Surface metal/non-metal · Audyne U S A Inc · MSHA ID 1001359
    Abandoned 1984-07-25
91. Norstrand

    Surface metal/non-metal · Norstrand · MSHA ID 1002334
    Abandoned 2024-10-12
92. Nugget Creek Placer

    Surface metal/non-metal · David L Mendenhall · MSHA ID 1001495
    Abandoned 1983-10-01
93. Nut Basin Pit

    Surface metal/non-metal · Matthews Maintenance-Florence Idaho · MSHA ID 1001360
    Abandoned 1981-10-15
94. O'Hara Creek Quarry

    Surface metal/non-metal · B & N Construction Inc · MSHA ID 1001468
    Abandoned 1981-01-15
95. O'Hara Rock Source

    Surface metal/non-metal · B & N Construction Inc · MSHA ID 1001350
    Abandoned 1981-06-01
96. Ola Mill & Mine

    Underground metal/non-metal · Donoho & Johnson · MSHA ID 1000998
    Abandoned 1979-10-04
97. Ozark Extension

    Underground metal/non-metal · Bruno Krause · MSHA ID 1000993
    Abandoned 1984-10-01
98. Penman

    Underground metal/non-metal · Penman Usa · MSHA ID 1001615
    Abandoned 1983-12-20
99. Petsite Group

    Underground metal/non-metal · Idaho Mining & Development Company · MSHA ID 1001616
    Abandoned 1983-12-20
100. Ponderosa

     Surface metal/non-metal · Tara Minerals Corporation · MSHA ID 1002237
     Abandoned 2015-08-07
101. Portable

     Surface metal/non-metal · Leroy Howell · MSHA ID 1001838
     Abandoned 2023-10-20
102. PORTABLE CRUSHER #2

     Surface metal/non-metal · Camas Gravel Company · MSHA ID 1001966
     Abandoned 2002-08-06
103. Portable Crusher No 1

     Surface metal/non-metal · Seubert Excavators Inc · MSHA ID 1001666
     Abandoned 2012-01-06
104. Portable Crusher No 3

     Surface metal/non-metal · Seubert Excavators Inc · MSHA ID 1001655
     Abandoned 2011-07-26
105. Portable Crusher No. 5

     Surface metal/non-metal · Seubert Excavators Inc · MSHA ID 1001906
     Abandoned 2012-05-16
106. Portland Mines

     Underground metal/non-metal · Portland Mines · MSHA ID 1001551
     Abandoned 1983-10-01
107. Red Fox

     Surface metal/non-metal · Red Fox Ltd · MSHA ID 1001620
     Abandoned 1984-10-02
108. Rescue Mine

     Underground metal/non-metal · Rescue Mining Company · MSHA ID 1000877
     Abandoned 1988-08-23
109. Rescue Mine

     Underground metal/non-metal · Shoshone Silver / Gold Mining Co · MSHA ID 1001875
     Abandoned 2012-07-20
110. Riener Crushing

     Surface metal/non-metal · Riener's Crushing · MSHA ID 1000352
     Abandoned 2025-09-10
111. RIO DE ORO MINE

     Surface metal/non-metal · M C W · MSHA ID 1001947
     Abandoned 2000-09-28
112. Rock Creek Pit

     Surface metal/non-metal · U S Forest Service · MSHA ID 1001393
     Abandoned 1980-01-04
113. Rock Solid

     Surface metal/non-metal · Timber Savers, Inc · MSHA ID 1002190
     Abandoned 2012-12-31
114. Russell Bar

     Surface metal/non-metal · Better Way Mining Inc · MSHA ID 1001841
     Abandoned 1989-09-13
115. Salmon River Gold

     Surface metal/non-metal · Shannon Lindsey · MSHA ID 1002226
     Abandoned 2014-11-17
116. SALMON RIVER PIT

     Surface metal/non-metal · Salmon River Sand & Gravel Inc · MSHA ID 1000355
     Abandoned 2001-09-12
117. Salmon River Rock Products

     Surface metal/non-metal · Camas Gravel · MSHA ID 1002067
     Abandoned 2018-08-16
118. Santiam Placer

     Surface metal/non-metal · Richard Boyd · MSHA ID 1001486
     Abandoned 1984-07-25
119. Secesh Basin Mine

     Surface metal/non-metal · Red Fox Mining · MSHA ID 1001576
     Abandoned 1985-08-26
120. Seubert Pit - Ferdinand

     Surface metal/non-metal · H & H Contractors Inc · MSHA ID 1001535
     Abandoned 1981-01-01
121. Seven Grand Mining Operation

     Underground metal/non-metal · Leland T Daugherty · MSHA ID 1001413
     Abandoned 1983-10-01
122. Seven Mile Pit

     Surface metal/non-metal · Ida-Lew Construction Company · MSHA ID 1001300
     Abandoned 1981-01-07
123. Seven Mile Pit

     Surface metal/non-metal · Idaho County Road Department · MSHA ID 1001343
     Abandoned 1980-01-04
124. Sherwin Bar

     Surface metal/non-metal · Mining Specialties & Equipment Inc · MSHA ID 1001557
     Abandoned 1984-05-22
125. Silver Eagle Mine

     Underground metal/non-metal · Silver Eagle Mining Company · MSHA ID 1001582
     Abandoned 1983-10-01
126. Six Mile Mine

     Underground metal/non-metal · Lawrence Lemire · MSHA ID 1001310
     Abandoned 1983-12-20
127. Slaughter Creek Placer Mine

     Surface metal/non-metal · Silver King Ltd · MSHA ID 1001621
     Abandoned 1984-10-02
128. Snowstorm Mine

     Underground metal/non-metal · Art Peterson · MSHA ID 1001600
     Abandoned 1983-07-28
129. Solesberg Pit

     Surface metal/non-metal · John Solberg · MSHA ID 1001280
     Abandoned 1980-01-04
130. South Fork Mine

     Underground metal/non-metal · Clearwater Mining Corp · MSHA ID 1001434
     Abandoned 1981-08-13
131. Spare Time Mine

     Underground metal/non-metal · Spare Time Mining Co · MSHA ID 1001324
     Abandoned 1981-08-04
132. State Pit 425-048

     Surface metal/non-metal · Idaho Transportation Department · MSHA ID 1001076
     Abandoned 1979-11-13
133. State Pit 425-099

     Surface metal/non-metal · Idaho Transportation Department · MSHA ID 1001265
     Abandoned 1978-09-05
134. State Pit 425-166

     Surface metal/non-metal · Idaho Transportation Department · MSHA ID 1001213
     Abandoned 1980-01-04
135. Station 1509 To 1525

     Surface metal/non-metal · Federal Highway Administration · MSHA ID 1001288
     Abandoned 1978-09-05
136. Sue Q Placers

     Surface metal/non-metal · Dennis Erickson · MSHA ID 1001487
     Abandoned 1982-06-16
137. Sumerod Mine

     Underground metal/non-metal · Roirdon L Doremus · MSHA ID 1001301
     Abandoned 1979-01-02
138. Taylor Bar

     Surface metal/non-metal · Bob Horn Mining · MSHA ID 1001602
     Abandoned 1984-10-01
139. The Argonaut

     Surface metal/non-metal · Llonnie Knie · MSHA ID 1000991
     Abandoned 1983-03-23
140. The Dream

     Underground metal/non-metal · Calvin Mining Inc · MSHA ID 1001524
     Abandoned 1991-03-21
141. The Golden Rule

     Facility metal/non-metal · Golden Rule Dredges · MSHA ID 1001238
     Abandoned 1980-07-15
142. Top Ten

     Surface metal/non-metal · Bannak Top Ten Mines Ltd · MSHA ID 1001096
     Abandoned 1979-01-04
143. Twin Cabin Pit

     Surface metal/non-metal · U S Forest Service · MSHA ID 1000997
     Abandoned 1980-01-04
144. U S Mine

     Underground metal/non-metal · Douglas E Swick · MSHA ID 1001420
     Abandoned 1983-09-01
145. Unit #3 - Portable

     Surface metal/non-metal · Seubert Excavators Inc · MSHA ID 3503259
     Abandoned 2018-10-18
146. Unity Gold Mine

     Underground metal/non-metal · Unity Gold Mines Inc · MSHA ID 1001865
     Abandoned 1993-07-28
147. Unity GoldSilver

     Facility metal/non-metal · Walker Lane Gold LLC · MSHA ID 1002128
     Abandoned 2008-10-09
148. Upper Siegal Creek Mine #3

     Surface metal/non-metal · Lloyd E Cochran · MSHA ID 1001491
     Abandoned 1983-10-01
149. Vaux

     Underground metal/non-metal · Vaux Mining Company · MSHA ID 1001791
     Abandoned 1990-09-27
150. Verne G Hiskey Mining Claim Group

     Underground metal/non-metal · Verne G Hiskey · MSHA ID 1001589
     Abandoned 1983-10-01

…and 9 more mines not listed here.

Status and date are as reported to MSHA by the operator. Each mine's own page carries its accident, citation and inspection record.

• Shoshone County 2,127
• Lemhi County 1,932
• Blaine County 1,606
• Owyhee County 1,364
• Custer County 1,282
• Butte County 661
• Bonner County 412
• Valley County 389
• Boise County 353
• Elmore County 345
• Adams County 298
• Cassia County 274

1. USGS, Consolidated Prospect- and Mine-Related Features from 7.5- and 15-Minute Topographic Quadrangle Maps of the United States (USMIN)
   597,612 point and area features digitized from about 106,350 historical topographic maps published 1886–2006; public domain (CC0). A feature is a map symbol, not a field-verified site, and the map does not say whether it was still worked.
2. USGS Fact Sheet 2025–3003, The Abandoned Mine Inventory of the United States
   States that as of 2025 there is no comprehensive national inventory of abandoned mine features, and that the detailed national database now being built will not be published.
3. OSMRE, Abandoned Mine Land Inventory System (e-AMLIS), public Problems layer
   One row per abandoned mine land problem in a problem area, with its type, funding program and reclamation status; mostly coal mined before the 1977 Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act. Coordinates are the problem area's.
4. MSHA, Mines dataset (Mine Data Retrieval System)
   Every mine registered with MSHA since the 1970s; a mine reads Abandoned or Abandoned and Sealed when its operator reported that status. Refreshed weekly.
5. US Census Bureau, 2023 cartographic county boundaries (1:500,000)
   Each feature's county is assigned by its coordinates against these boundaries, not copied from the source file.
6. GAO-20-238, Abandoned Hardrock Mines (March 2020)
   Federal agencies had identified at least 140,000 abandoned hardrock mine features on federal land and estimated more than 390,000 more not yet captured in their databases.
7. Abandoned Hardrock Mine Reclamation (AHMR) Program, US Department of the Interior
   The program the USGS inventory is compiled for. Its appropriations and the 674,000 field-confirmed feature count on this page were provided by the program manager, Office of Environmental Policy and Compliance, and are cited with permission (2026-09-08).
8. IMCC-NAAMLP Hardrock AML Report
   Page 48 carries the two figures this page leans on: USGS estimates 633,181 of the 725,690 mine features it recorded from historic topographic maps, 87 percent, are hardrock; and state and federal agencies have submitted more than 724,000 AML features to the national database being built, already more than the historic maps hold. Year-by-year AHMR funding is on page 35.