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Kokomo Mine: 42 MSHA citations Metal/Non-Metal

Kokomo, Howard County, IN  ·  Active
MSHA Mine ID: 1202105

Kokomo Mine has $8K in proposed MSHA penalties and $0 outstanding across 3 contested dockets, plus health sampling and the full incident record.

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Fatalities
0
Total incidents
8
Years on record
1993–2023
Latest incident
Jun 2023
Compliance record
MSHA citations since 2005
42
citations
10
significant & substantial
$7,713
proposed penalties
$7,686
paid to date
100% of proposed penalties paid to date, a $27 gap.
Source: MSHA violations data, updated weekly.
See Martin Marietta Materials Inc's full MSHA compliance history →
Inspection activity
MSHA inspections since 2000
113
inspections on record
1,947
inspection hours
2.2
citations per 100 inspection hours
ⓘ This rate is recorded citations divided by MSHA inspection hours, per 100 hours. It reflects inspection effort, not mine size or production.
42 citations across 1,947 inspection hours.
Source: MSHA inspections data, updated weekly.

Kokomo Mine has $8K in proposed MSHA penalties and $0 outstanding across 3 contested dockets.

Penalty disposition
ⓘ Differences between proposed and paid penalties reflect both settlements and conference reductions and amounts still owed. Outstanding is the balance currently owed.
$8K
proposed penalties
$8K
current assessed
$8K
paid to date
$0
outstanding
42 assessments are final orders; 3 contested dockets.
Of $733 in penalties contested before the Commission, $606 was upheld in final decisions.
As of the most recent assessment on 2026-04-16.
Source: MSHA assessed-violations and conference/litigation data, updated weekly.
Violation severity profile
ⓘ Shares are computed over citations that carry the MSHA gravity and negligence coding; a small share of records are uncoded.
23.8%
significant & substantial
0.0%
high negligence or reckless
23.8%
reasonably likely or greater
31.0%
permanently disabling or fatal if injury occurs
Negligence coding: 0.0% none, 26.2% low, 73.8% moderate, 0.0% high, 0.0% reckless.
Source: MSHA violations gravity and negligence coding, updated weekly.
When citations were contested
ⓘ Contesting a citation before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission is a lawful right. These figures state the public outcomes of that process, from MSHA's Contested Violations file.
2 citations taken to the federal commission · 5% of citations on record
  • Settled 1 · 50%
  • Vacated or withdrawn 1 · 50%
55%
Penalty reduction in decided contests
$233 proposed, $106 after decisions · industry: 39%
Source: MSHA Contested Violations file (public record), updated weekly. A dismissed or defaulted contest leaves the citation standing as issued; a vacated or withdrawn citation is removed from the violation record. Latest contest filed 2022-06-09.
Contested penalties
ⓘ A reduction or dismissal at the Commission is a lawful outcome of contesting a proposed penalty. Figures are the proposed amount and the amount upheld in the docket's decision.
Largest penalties this mine contested before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission, with the outcome on record.
Docket Decision Judge Year Proposed / upheld
LAKE20000061M Settlement Barbour 2000 $500 → $500
LAKE 2022-0170 Settlement Bulluck 2022 $133 → $106
LAKE 2016-0028 Withdrawal Lewis 2016 $100 → $0
Source: FMSHRC civil penalty dockets and decisions (public record), updated weekly.
Health sampling
ⓘ A sample is a point in time compliance measurement, not an individual exposure history. These figures describe MSHA sampling records and do not establish causation or personal dose.

Metal and nonmetal contaminants (personal samples)
ⓘ Many samples are screening measurements of substances with no applicable exposure limit; they are counted as samples but excluded from every over-limit figure. Over-limit shares use only limit-tested samples.

Last sampled: 2026-07-09
10%
of limit-tested samples over the exposure limit
59
samples
58
limit-tested
Most sampled contaminants
  • Diesel particulate (total carbon)354 over
  • Diesel Particulate Material72 over
  • Total Carbon,calculated from elemental carbon.8
  • Total Carbon,TC8
Show the individual readings (100)
Date Contaminant Concentration Limit Conc / limit Occupation
2014-09-16 TC @ 160 188 160 1.18 Blaster, Powder Gang
2014-09-16 TC @ 160 215 160 1.34 Truck Driver
2012-07-05 EC @ 160 180 160 1.13 Blaster, Powder Gang
2012-07-05 TC @ 160 233 160 1.46 Blaster, Powder Gang
2008-08-06 TC @ 160 168 160 1.05 Truck Driver
2006-06-14 Diesel Particulate Material 407.52 308 1.32 Roof Bolter, Rock
2006-06-14 Diesel Particulate Material 433.83 308 1.41 Blaster, Powder Gang
2026-07-09 EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2026-07-09 TC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2026-07-09 ORGANIC CARBON 0 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2026-07-09 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2025-07-31 EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary
2025-07-31 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary
2025-07-31 TC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary
2025-07-31 ORGANIC CARBON 0 Drill Operator, Rotary
2024-08-22 EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary
2024-08-22 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary
2024-08-22 ORGANIC CARBON 0 Drill Operator, Rotary
2024-08-22 TC @ 160 28 160 0.18 Drill Operator, Rotary
2024-04-30 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2024-04-30 ORGANIC CARBON 0 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2024-04-30 TC @ 160 39 160 0.24 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2024-04-30 EC @ 160 36 160 0.23 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2023-05-17 ORGANIC CARBON 0 Drill Operator, Jet Piercing
2023-05-17 TC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Jet Piercing
2023-05-17 EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Jet Piercing
2023-05-17 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Jet Piercing
2023-05-17 ORGANIC CARBON 0 Front-end Loader Operator
2023-05-17 TC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Front-end Loader Operator
2023-05-17 EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Front-end Loader Operator
2023-05-17 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Front-end Loader Operator
2022-07-26 ORGANIC CARBON 0 Scaling (mechanical)
2022-07-26 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary
2022-07-26 TC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Scaling (mechanical)
2022-07-26 EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Scaling (mechanical)
2022-07-26 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Scaling (mechanical)
2022-07-26 EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary
2022-07-26 TC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary
2022-07-26 ORGANIC CARBON 0 Drill Operator, Rotary
2021-04-20 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Blaster, Powder Gang
2021-04-20 ORGANIC CARBON 0 Blaster, Powder Gang
2021-04-20 TC @ 160 31 160 0.19 Blaster, Powder Gang
2021-04-20 EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Blaster, Powder Gang
2021-04-20 ORGANIC CARBON 0 Blaster, Powder Gang
2021-04-20 TC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Blaster, Powder Gang
2021-04-20 EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Blaster, Powder Gang
2021-04-20 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Blaster, Powder Gang
2020-08-12 EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Blaster, Powder Gang
2020-08-12 TC @ 160 39 160 0.24 Blaster, Powder Gang
2020-08-12 TC @ 160 39 160 0.24 Blaster, Powder Gang
2020-08-12 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Blaster, Powder Gang
2020-08-12 EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Blaster, Powder Gang
2020-08-12 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Blaster, Powder Gang
2019-04-24 EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Scaling (mechanical)
2019-04-24 TC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2019-04-24 EC @ 160 14 160 0.09 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2019-04-24 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2019-04-24 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Scaling (mechanical)
2019-04-24 TC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Scaling (mechanical)
2018-08-07 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2018-08-07 TC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Front-end Loader Operator
2018-08-07 EC @ 160 18 160 0.11 Front-end Loader Operator
2018-08-07 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Front-end Loader Operator
2018-08-07 TC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2018-08-07 EC @ 160 12 160 0.08 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2017-09-28 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Blaster, Powder Gang
2017-09-28 EC @ 160 4 160 0.03 Scaling (mechanical)
2017-09-28 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Scaling (mechanical)
2017-09-28 TC @ 160 14 160 0.09 Scaling (mechanical)
2017-09-28 TC @ 160 41 160 0.26 Blaster, Powder Gang
2017-09-28 EC @ 160 15 160 0.09 Blaster, Powder Gang
2017-09-20 Respirable dust, <.1mg 0 Scaling (mechanical)
2017-09-20 Nuisance dust, respirable, <1% Qtz 0.16 10 0.02 Front-end Loader Operator
2016-09-07 TC @ 160 75 160 0.47 Scaling (mechanical)
2016-09-07 EC @ 160 45 160 0.28 Scaling (mechanical)
2016-09-07 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Miner, Drift
2016-09-07 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Scaling (mechanical)
2016-09-07 TC @ 160 23 160 0.14 Miner, Drift
2016-09-07 EC @ 160 15 160 0.09 Miner, Drift
2015-08-05 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Scaling (mechanical)
2015-08-05 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2015-08-05 EC @ 160 13 160 0.08 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2015-08-05 TC @ 160 28 160 0.18 Drill Operator, Rotary Air
2015-08-05 EC @ 160 10 160 0.06 Scaling (mechanical)
2015-08-05 TC @ 160 18 160 0.11 Scaling (mechanical)
2014-09-16 TC @ 160 51 160 0.32 Scaling (mechanical)
2014-09-16 EC @ 160 38 160 0.24 Scaling (mechanical)
2014-09-16 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Scaling (mechanical)
2014-09-16 EC @ 160 114 160 0.71 Blaster, Powder Gang
2014-09-16 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Blaster, Powder Gang
2014-09-16 EC @ 160 22 160 0.14 Truck Driver
2014-09-16 TC from EC @ 160 28 160 0.18 Truck Driver
2013-07-16 Quartz, respirable, >1% Qtz 0.36 1.98 0.18 Crusher Oper/Worker
2013-07-16 Quartz, respirable, >1% Qtz 0.55 1.29 0.43 Crusher Oper/Worker
2013-07-16 TC @ 160 87 160 0.54 Scaling (mechanical)
2013-07-16 EC @ 160 57 160 0.36 Scaling (mechanical)
2013-07-16 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Scaling (mechanical)
2013-07-16 TC @ 160 74 160 0.46 Drill Operator, Jumbo Perc.
2013-07-16 EC @ 160 42 160 0.26 Drill Operator, Jumbo Perc.
2013-07-16 TC from EC @ 160 0 160 0.00 Drill Operator, Jumbo Perc.
Showing 100 of 150 laboratory readings: every over-limit reading, then the most recent. MSHA reads one air sample several times, so readings outnumber the samples counted above. The full set is in MSHA's Personal Health Samples file.

Area samples (mill and shop air)

Last sampled: 2026-07-09
8
samples
Show the individual readings (18)
Date Contaminant Concentration Limit Conc / limit Area sampled
2026-07-09 EC @ 160 0 UG ACTIVE MINING
2026-07-09 TC @ 160 0 UG ACTIVE MINING
2025-07-31 EC @ 160 0 UG GENERAL
2025-07-31 TC @ 160 0 UG GENERAL
2024-08-22 TC @ 160 0 UG TRAVEL/HAULAGE
2024-08-22 EC @ 160 0 UG TRAVEL/HAULAGE
2024-04-30 EC @ 160 0 UG TRAVEL/HAULAGE
2024-04-30 TC @ 160 0 UG TRAVEL/HAULAGE
2023-05-17 TC @ 160 0 UG TRAVEL/HAULAGE
2023-05-17 EC @ 160 0 UG TRAVEL/HAULAGE
2022-07-26 TC @ 160 0 UG TRAVEL/HAULAGE
2022-07-26 EC @ 160 0 UG TRAVEL/HAULAGE
2021-04-20 TC from EC @ 160 0 UG ACTIVE MINING
2021-04-20 TC @ 160 0 UG ACTIVE MINING
2021-04-20 EC @ 160 0 UG ACTIVE MINING
2014-09-16 EC @ 160 111 UG TRAVEL/HAULAGE A
2014-09-16 TC @ 160 143 UG TRAVEL/HAULAGE A
2014-09-16 TC from EC @ 160 0 UG TRAVEL/HAULAGE A
Source: MSHA respirable dust, quartz, and noise sampling records, updated weekly. Metal/nonmetal contaminant figures come from MSHA's Personal Health Samples and Area Samples files (public record), updated weekly.

Kokomo Mine recorded 0.00 reportable injury cases per 100 full-time workers in 2012.

Injury rate, 2012
ⓘ This rate is reportable injury cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers per year, computed as 200,000 times cases divided by MSHA operator-reported employee-hours. Cases are injuries MSHA graded degree 01 through 07; accident-only events that hurt no one are excluded, and so are contractor injuries, whose hours do not attach to a single mine. Rates begin in 2000, when quarterly employment reporting starts, and are withheld below 20,000 hours in a year.
0.00
total case rate
0.00
days-away rate
0.000
fatality rate
Below average. The US metal and nonmetal mining average was 2.48 and the all-US-mining average was 2.96 cases per 100 workers.
In Indiana, metal and nonmetal mining averaged 3.14 cases per 100 workers that year.
Under 100,000 employee-hours were reported that year, so a single case moves the rate by two or more. Read the figure as approximate.
Year total case rate days-away fatal
2012 * 0.00 0.00 0.000
2011 * 9.45 0.00 0.000
* Fewer than 100,000 employee-hours that year; the rate is less stable.
Source: injury cases from MSHA accident and injury records; employee-hours from MSHA quarterly employment reports. Rate is cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers, operator employees only.
Ownership history
  1. Martin Marietta Aggregates 1991 to 2005
  2. Martin Marietta Materials Incorporated 2002 to 2003
  3. Martin Marietta Materials Inc 2005 to present
Source: MSHA controller and operator history, updated weekly.
Workforce and production
Year Employees
2026 6
2025 6
2024 7
2023 8
2022 7
2021 5
2020 6
2019 7
2018 5
2017 4
2016 4
2015 3
2014 5
2013 5
2012 6
2011 6
2010 5
2009 4
2008 5
2007 5
2006 5
2005 5
2004 4
2003 4
2002 6
2001 5
2000 4
Source: MSHA quarterly employment and production, updated weekly.

Kokomo Mine sits in Howard County, Indiana, where the Census mining category is 0.0% of county employment.

Local economic context
ⓘ County figures come from the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey, 5-year pooled estimates, so the 2023 vintage covers 2019 through 2023. The Census category is 'mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction', which is broader than MSHA jurisdiction and includes oil and gas workers no mine employs. These figures describe the surrounding county, not this mine, and are not a factor in any specific incident.
Howard County, Indiana · Population 83,610
0.0%
Mining share of county employment
$62,496
Median household income
Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2023 5-year estimates.
Quarterly safety rates
ⓘ Citations per million reported employee-hours. Rates begin in 2000, when MSHA's quarterly employment data starts; earlier incidents are counted but cannot be rate-adjusted. Quarters under 100,000 reported hours are greyed: too few hours for a stable rate.
Citations per million employee-hours, as reported to MSHA
Quarter Hours worked Citations S&S Per 1M hrs
2026 Q2 3,653 1 0 273.7
2026 Q1 1,373 0 0 0.0
2025 Q4 2,033 2 1 983.8
2025 Q3 2,670 0 0 0.0
2025 Q2 2,885 0 0 0.0
2025 Q1 2,327 0 0 0.0
2024 Q4 1,775 2 2 1126.8
2024 Q3 3,015 1 0 331.7
Show 98 earlier quarters
Quarter Hours worked Citations S&S Per 1M hrs
2024 Q2 2,727 1 1 366.7
2024 Q1 3,374 0 0 0.0
2023 Q4 3,403 1 0 293.9
2023 Q3 3,904 1 0 256.1
2023 Q2 3,247 0 0 0.0
2023 Q1 2,339 1 0 427.5
2022 Q4 2,685 0 0 0.0
2022 Q3 3,116 0 0 0.0
2022 Q2 2,254 1 0 443.7
2022 Q1 1,866 1 0 535.9
2021 Q4 517 0 0 0.0
2021 Q3 1,150 1 1 869.6
2021 Q2 1,969 3 1 1523.6
2021 Q1 1,502 0 0 0.0
2020 Q4 1,489 0 0 0.0
2020 Q3 1,418 1 1 705.2
2020 Q2 1,668 0 0 0.0
2020 Q1 1,581 2 0 1265.0
2019 Q4 1,452 1 0 688.7
2019 Q3 1,854 1 0 539.4
2019 Q2 1,732 0 0 0.0
2019 Q1 190 0 0 0.0
2018 Q4 2,074 0 0 0.0
2018 Q3 1,600 0 0 0.0
2018 Q2 1,146 0 0 0.0
2018 Q1 36 0 0 0.0
2017 Q4 1,165 0 0 0.0
2017 Q3 1,791 0 0 0.0
2017 Q2 1,485 0 0 0.0
2017 Q1 28 0 0 0.0
2016 Q4 351 0 0 0.0
2016 Q3 2,375 3 0 1263.2
2016 Q2 978 1 0 1022.5
2016 Q1 24 0 0 0.0
2015 Q4 20 1 0 50000.0
2015 Q3 1,946 1 0 513.9
2015 Q2 1,185 0 0 0.0
2015 Q1 15 0 0 0.0
2014 Q4 2,100 0 0 0.0
2014 Q3 1,686 0 0 0.0
2014 Q2 4,047 0 0 0.0
2014 Q1 0 0 0
2013 Q4 5,710 1 0 175.1
2013 Q3 6,024 1 0 166.0
2013 Q2 5,121 0 0 0.0
2013 Q1 2,456 0 0 0.0
2012 Q4 6,750 0 0 0.0
2012 Q3 8,264 0 0 0.0
2012 Q2 6,662 0 0 0.0
2012 Q1 3,566 0 0 0.0
2011 Q4 6,857 1 0 145.8
2011 Q3 6,831 0 0 0.0
2011 Q2 5,294 2 0 377.8
2011 Q1 2,173 0 0 0.0
2010 Q4 5,562 1 0 179.8
2010 Q3 5,426 0 0 0.0
2010 Q2 4,727 0 0 0.0
2010 Q1 1,721 0 0 0.0
2009 Q4 4,471 1 0 223.7
2009 Q3 1,047 1 0 955.1
2009 Q2 3,692 0 0 0.0
2009 Q1 1,098 0 0 0.0
2008 Q4 4,196 1 0 238.3
2008 Q3 3,187 1 0 313.8
2008 Q2 1,306 0 0 0.0
2008 Q1 2,530 0 0 0.0
2007 Q4 4,404 0 0 0.0
2007 Q3 3,873 0 0 0.0
2007 Q2 2,436 0 0 0.0
2007 Q1 1,496 0 0 0.0
2006 Q4 2,430 0 0 0.0
2006 Q3 3,332 2 2 600.2
2006 Q2 3,457 0 0 0.0
2006 Q1 2,774 2 1 721.0
2005 Q4 3,047 0 0 0.0
2005 Q3 4,309 0 0 0.0
2005 Q2 3,260 1 0 306.7
2005 Q1 2,249 0 0 0.0
2004 Q4 2,781 0 0 0.0
2004 Q3 2,403 0 0 0.0
2004 Q2 1,516 0 0 0.0
2004 Q1 1,866 0 0 0.0
2003 Q4 1,638 0 0 0.0
2003 Q3 1,587 0 0 0.0
2003 Q2 2,042 0 0 0.0
2003 Q1 1,791 0 0 0.0
2002 Q4 2,588 0 0 0.0
2002 Q3 2,940 0 0 0.0
2002 Q2 3,689 0 0 0.0
2002 Q1 2,674 0 0 0.0
2001 Q4 2,749 0 0 0.0
2001 Q3 3,506 0 0 0.0
2001 Q2 3,529 0 0 0.0
2001 Q1 1,995 0 0 0.0
2000 Q4 2,150 0 0 0.0
2000 Q3 2,619 0 0 0.0
2000 Q2 2,341 0 0 0.0
2000 Q1 2,048 0 0 0.0
No fatalities recorded at this mine.

Reportable incidents

8 on file

2023 · 1 incident

June 17, 2023 IN · Metal/Non-Metal mechanical scaling worker SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON
Martin Marietta Materials Inc · Fall to the walkway or working surface

Employee missed a step and fell backward hitting EE's head, causing a small laceration resulting in two staples.

2011 · 1 incident

March 17, 2011 IN · Metal/Non-Metal utility man, errand boy, service truck operator SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON
Martin Marietta Materials Inc · Fall onto or against objects

Employee was exiting truck backing down the steps and missed a step causing him to fall backward resulting in a strain to his groin muscle.

2005 · 1 incident

October 19, 2005 IN · Metal/Non-Metal backhoe operator, trackhoe operator, crane operator MACHINERY
Martin Marietta Materials Inc · Struck by falling object

Employee was scaling in an intersection when the back fell on the machine knocking the front windshield into him!

1998 · 1 incident

March 24, 1998 IN · Metal/Non-Metal blaster, shooter, shotfirer, explosive worker, powder gang/monkey SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON
Martin Marietta Aggregates · Over-exertion (Not Elsewhere Classified)

EMPLOYEE INJURED ANKLE WHILE CLIMBING ONTO STONE MUCK PILE TO RETRIEVE A FUEL CAN.

1996 · 1 incident

January 11, 1996 IN · Metal/Non-Metal driller operator HANDLING OF MATERIALS
Martin Marietta Aggregates · Caught in, under or between a moving and a stationary object

EE GOT HAND CAUGHT UNDER TONGUE OF FUEL TRAILER WHILE HITCHING IT TO A TRUCK.

1995 · 2 incidents

March 30, 1995 IN · Metal/Non-Metal blaster, shooter, shotfirer, explosive worker, powder gang/monkey HANDLING OF MATERIALS
Martin Marietta Aggregates · Over-exertion (Not Elsewhere Classified)

EMPLOYEE WAS LOADING EXPLOSIVES IN A FACE ROUND.WHEN SHE STOOD UPRIGHT SHE EXPERIENCED ACUTE LOW BACK PAIN.

1993 · 1 incident

April 30, 1993 IN · Metal/Non-Metal truck driver POWERED HAULAGE
Martin Marietta Aggregates · Caught in, under or between a moving and a stationary object

EMPLOYEE WAS ACCESSING MINE ENTRY CANOPY IN A MAN-LIFT BASKET. THE BASKET MOVED SUDDENLY AND THE EMPLOYEE'S HAND WAS MASHED BETWEEN THE BASKET AND THE PORTAL CANOPY STRUCTURE.