Mining Incidents

Putney Darby Mine #1: 547 MSHA citations Coal

101 Coal Inc. · Underground
Harlan, Harlan County, KY  ·  Temporarily Idled
MSHA Mine ID: 1519827

Putney Darby Mine #1 has $192K in proposed MSHA penalties and $61K outstanding across 12 contested dockets, plus health sampling and the full incident record.

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Fatalities
0
Total incidents
27
Years on record
2019–2024
Latest incident
Apr 2024
Compliance record
MSHA citations since 2018
547
citations
105
significant & substantial
$191,622
proposed penalties
$124,649
paid to date
65% of proposed penalties paid to date, a $66,973 gap.
Source: MSHA violations data, updated weekly.
Inspection activity
MSHA inspections since 2018
108
inspections on record
7,956
inspection hours
6.9
citations per 100 inspection hours
This rate is recorded citations divided by MSHA inspection hours, per 100 hours. It reflects inspection effort, not mine size or production.
547 citations across 7,956 inspection hours.
Source: MSHA inspections data, updated weekly.

Putney Darby Mine #1 has $192K in proposed MSHA penalties and $61K outstanding across 12 contested dockets.

Penalty disposition
Differences between proposed and paid penalties reflect both settlements and conference reductions and amounts still owed. Outstanding is the balance currently owed.
$192K
proposed penalties
$185K
current assessed
$125K
paid to date
$61K
outstanding
523 assessments are final orders; 12 contested dockets.
Of $42K in penalties contested before the Commission, $35K was upheld in final decisions.
As of the most recent assessment on 2024-09-05.
Source: MSHA assessed-violations and conference/litigation data, updated weekly.
Violation severity profile
Shares are computed over citations that carry the MSHA gravity and negligence coding; a small share of records are uncoded.
20.1%
significant & substantial
0.6%
high negligence or reckless
20.1%
reasonably likely or greater
13.0%
permanently disabling or fatal if injury occurs
Negligence coding: 0.0% none, 21.2% low, 78.2% moderate, 0.6% high, 0.0% reckless.
Source: MSHA violations gravity and negligence coding, updated weekly.
When citations were contested
Contesting a citation before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission is a lawful right. These figures state the public outcomes of that process, from MSHA's Contested Violations file.
34 citations taken to the federal commission · 6% of citations on record
  • Settled 26 · 76%
  • Stood as issued 7 · 21%
  • Vacated or withdrawn 1 · 3%
83%
S&S designation survived the contest
Counts a Significant & Substantial citation as surviving when a settlement or judge's decision kept the designation, or the contest was dismissed or defaulted so the citation stands as issued. Vacated and withdrawn citations, and settlements that removed the designation, count against.
of 24 decided S&S contests · industry: 79%
15%
Penalty reduction in decided contests
$42K proposed, $35K after decisions · industry: 39%
Source: MSHA Contested Violations file (public record), updated weekly. A dismissed or defaulted contest leaves the citation standing as issued; a vacated or withdrawn citation is removed from the violation record. Latest contest filed 2024-10-21.
Contested penalties
A reduction or dismissal at the Commission is a lawful outcome of contesting a proposed penalty. Figures are the proposed amount and the amount upheld in the docket's decision.
Largest penalties this mine contested before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission, with the outcome on record.
Docket Decision Judge Year Proposed / upheld
KENT 2025-0001 Dismissal McCarthy 2025 $10K → $10K
KENT 2024-0068 Settlement Lewis 2025 $7K → $7K
KENT 2024-0109 Settlement Bulluck 2024 $6K → $4K
KENT 2024-0059 Settlement Lewis 2024 $5K → $4K
KENT 2024-0018 Settlement Lewis 2024 $5K → $3K
KENT 2024-0069 Settlement Lewis 2024 $4K → $3K
Source: FMSHRC civil penalty dockets and decisions (public record), updated weekly.

MSHA sampling at Putney Darby Mine #1 shows 100% of 1,245 respirable coal dust samples met the 1.5 mg/m3 standard.

Health sampling
A sample is a point in time compliance measurement, not an individual exposure history. These figures describe MSHA sampling records and do not establish causation or personal dose.

Respirable coal dust
Respirable coal dust and silica figures cover coal facilities. Dust compliance is measured against the current 1.5 mg/m3 standard; samples predating the 2014 standard are included, so compliance rates are a coarse historical signal.

Last sampled: 2024-08-07
100%
within 1.5 mg/m3
1,245
samples
1.58
dust max (mg/m3)
0
over MSHA ECV
The excessive concentration value (ECV) is MSHA's own per-sample enforcement threshold, which builds in measurement uncertainty; a sample over its ECV can trigger a citation. The count covers only samples MSHA assigned an ECV.
203 samples taken by MSHA inspectors, 1,042 by the operator.
Most-sampled occupations
  • CONTINUOUS MINER OPERATOR433
  • ROOF BOLTER (TWIN HEAD) (RETURN SIDE)402
  • SHUTTLE CAR OPERATOR (STANDARD SIDE)110

Silica (quartz)

Last sampled: 2024-05-16
5.0
silica avg (%)
51
samples
11.5
silica max (%)
Most-sampled occupations
  • CONTINUOUS MINER OPERATOR24
  • ROOF BOLTER (TWIN HEAD) (RETURN SIDE)14
  • SHUTTLE CAR OPERATOR (OFF STANDARD)2

Noise
The share counts noise samples whose measured dose exceeded the 90 dBA permissible exposure limit. It describes the sampled workplace, not what reached the miner's ear: hearing conservation programs and the hearing protection worn during the shift are recorded separately and are not reflected here.

Last sampled: 2024-06-13
3%
over PEL
142
samples
Most-sampled occupations
  • SHUTTLE CAR OPERATOR (STANDARD SIDE)34
  • SHUTTLE CAR OPERATOR (OFF STANDARD)21
  • CONTINUOUS MINER OPERATOR19
Source: MSHA respirable dust, quartz, and noise sampling records, updated weekly.
Health sampling trend
A sample is a point in time compliance measurement, not an individual exposure history. These figures describe MSHA sampling records and do not establish causation or personal dose.
Respirable coal dust by year
Respirable coal dust and silica figures cover coal facilities. Dust compliance is measured against the current 1.5 mg/m3 standard; samples predating the 2014 standard are included, so compliance rates are a coarse historical signal.
Year within 1.5 mg/m3 samples
2024 100% 107
2023 100% 167
2022 100% 149
2021 100% 167
2020 100% 127
2019 100% 401
2018 100% 127
Silica (quartz) by year
Year silica avg (%) samples
2024 5.5 4
2023 4.8 7
2022 5.3 10
2021 3.6 3
2020 7.3 5
2019 3.9 14
2018 5.8 8
Noise by year
Year over PEL samples
2024 0% 13
2023 5% 20
2022 0% 20
2021 7% 30
2020 0% 10
2019 0% 35
2018 7% 14
Source: MSHA respirable dust, quartz, and noise sampling records, updated weekly.

Putney Darby Mine #1 recorded 2.64 reportable injury cases per 100 full-time workers in 2024.

Injury rate, 2024
This rate is reportable injury cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers per year, computed as 200,000 times cases divided by MSHA operator-reported employee-hours. Cases are injuries MSHA graded degree 01 through 07; accident-only events that hurt no one are excluded, and so are contractor injuries, whose hours do not attach to a single mine. Rates begin in 2000, when quarterly employment reporting starts, and are withheld below 20,000 hours in a year.
2.64
total case rate
2.64
days-away rate
0.000
fatality rate
Below average. The US coal mining average was 3.16 and the all-US-mining average was 2.08 cases per 100 workers.
In Kentucky, coal mining averaged 4.17 cases per 100 workers that year.
Under 100,000 employee-hours were reported that year, so a single case moves the rate by two or more. Read the figure as approximate.
Year total case rate days-away fatal
2024 * 2.64 2.64 0.000
2023 1.68 1.68 0.000
2022 10.31 8.59 0.000
2021 1.85 1.85 0.000
2020 * 2.25 2.25 0.000
2019 4.26 4.26 0.000
* Fewer than 100,000 employee-hours that year; the rate is less stable.
Source: injury cases from MSHA accident and injury records; employee-hours from MSHA quarterly employment reports. Rate is cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers, operator employees only.
Ownership history
  1. JRL Coal Inc 2018 to 2025
  2. 101 Coal Inc. 2025 to present
Source: MSHA controller and operator history, updated weekly.
Workforce and production
Coal production is reported quarterly and lags the current period; the most recent quarters may be incomplete.
Year Employees Coal produced (tons)
2026 1
2025 3
2024 38 119,148
2023 55 229,639
2022 50 351,956
2021 49 368,563
2020 40 256,652
2019 72 553,818
2018 50 249,252
Source: MSHA quarterly employment and production, updated weekly.

Putney Darby Mine #1 sits in Harlan County, Kentucky, where the Census mining category is 4.3% of county employment.

Local economic context
County figures come from the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey, 5-year pooled estimates, so the 2023 vintage covers 2019 through 2023. The Census category is 'mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction', which is broader than MSHA jurisdiction and includes oil and gas workers no mine employs. These figures describe the surrounding county, not this mine, and are not a factor in any specific incident.
Harlan County, Kentucky · Population 26,185
4.3%
Mining share of county employment
$37,198
Median household income
Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2023 5-year estimates.
Quarterly safety rates
Citations per million reported employee-hours. Rates begin in 2000, when MSHA's quarterly employment data starts; earlier incidents are counted but cannot be rate-adjusted. Quarters under 100,000 reported hours are greyed: too few hours for a stable rate.
Citations per million employee-hours, as reported to MSHA
Quarter Hours worked Citations S&S Per 1M hrs
2026 Q2 93 0 0 0.0
2026 Q1 87 0 0 0.0
2025 Q4 87 0 0 0.0
2025 Q3 40 0 0 0.0
2025 Q2 166 0 0 0.0
2025 Q1 545 0 0 0.0
2024 Q4 2,619 0 0 0.0
2024 Q3 14,503 16 0 1103.2
Show 25 earlier quarters
Quarter Hours worked Citations S&S Per 1M hrs
2024 Q2 27,816 42 4 1509.9
2024 Q1 30,796 31 6 1006.6
2023 Q4 29,654 27 7 910.5
2023 Q3 23,120 24 6 1038.1
2023 Q2 32,816 35 12 1066.6
2023 Q1 33,351 21 3 629.7
2022 Q4 30,291 13 3 429.2
2022 Q3 31,589 14 1 443.2
2022 Q2 26,642 13 2 488.0
2022 Q1 27,919 26 5 931.3
2021 Q4 27,413 11 3 401.3
2021 Q3 26,269 10 2 380.7
2021 Q2 25,911 10 4 385.9
2021 Q1 28,545 13 0 455.4
2020 Q4 29,343 17 3 579.4
2020 Q3 24,484 12 2 490.1
2020 Q2 26,519 9 2 339.4
2020 Q1 8,354 4 0 478.8
2019 Q4 34,911 29 7 830.7
2019 Q3 36,969 57 14 1541.8
2019 Q2 62,498 14 3 224.0
2019 Q1 53,236 22 5 413.3
2018 Q4 39,264 16 6 407.5
2018 Q3 25,152 16 2 636.1
2018 Q2 12,299 8 0 650.5
No fatalities recorded at this mine.

Reportable incidents

27 on file

2024 · 1 incident

April 9, 2024 KY · Coal beltman, conveyor man, conveyor belt worker, mobile bridge carrierman, feeder operator, conveyor rider HANDLING OF MATERIALS
JRL Coal Inc · Over-exertion in lifting objects

Injured was shoveling coal out of tail piece on main line (LW Mains) when EE felt a pain in the lower back.

2023 · 7 incidents

October 31, 2023 KY · Coal roof bolter, rock bolter, pinner, mobile roof support operator (mrs) FALL OF ROOF OR BACK
JRL Coal Inc · Struck by falling object

Injured was drilling to install rib bolt and pulling drill steel from drill hole when a rock fell from top and struck EE and pinned EE against the head of the roof bolter. Injured suffered apparent fractured ribs and possible internal injures. EE was transported to local hospital.

January 6, 2023 KY · Coal FALL OF ROOF OR BACK
JRL Coal Inc · Accident type, without injuries

Area of roof unstable and working, was observed the area was dangered off with plans to re-bolts but before roof bolts machine could get to the area, a roof fall had occurred. MSHA notified and K order was issued.

2022 · 8 incidents

November 21, 2022 KY · Coal INUNDATION
JRL Coal Inc · Accident type, without injuries

Section was pillar mining at the time with old works 140 feet above the section, and apparently there was a mountain break 140 ft up to the old mine workings and the mine was flooded releasing that water down and into our Putney Darby Mine # 1.

October 17, 2022 KY · Coal maintenance man, mechanic, repair/serviceman, boilermaker, fueler, tire tech, field service tech SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON
JRL Coal Inc · Fall to the walkway or working surface

Employee was servicing the miner setting bits when employee slipped on a muddy surface (incline) falling backwards onto right lower back. Employee stated back popped and pain started. The employee was transported to the local E.R.

July 18, 2022 KY · Coal shuttle car operator, mantrip operator, ramcar operator, rail runner, buggy operator HANDTOOLS (NONPOWERED)
JRL Coal Inc · Caught in, under or between a moving and a stationary object

EE STATED THAT A ROCK WAS STUCK BETWEEN THE BLADE OF THE SCOOP AND BUCKET. EE WAS USING A 3 FEET LONG PRY BAR TO REMOVE THE ROCK. WHEN THE ROCK CAME LOOSE THE WEIGHT OF THE BLADE DROPPED ONTO THE BAR, CAUSING THE BAR TO PIN EE'S FINGER BETWEEN THE BOTTOM OF THE SCOOP BUCKET AND THE BAR. EE RETURNED TO WORK ON LIGHT DUTY.

June 29, 2022 KY · Coal shuttle car operator, mantrip operator, ramcar operator, rail runner, buggy operator POWERED HAULAGE
JRL Coal Inc · Struck against a moving object

EE STATED THAT EE WAS OPERATING THE SHUTTLE CAR, LEAVING THE MINER WHEN EE STRUCK EE'S HEAD ON THE CANOPY OF THE CAR CAUSING PAIN TO NECK AND BACK. EE CONTINUED TO WORK UNTIL 6:30 PM WHEN EE CAME OUTSIDE. EE SAW THE DR. ON 6-30-22. X-RAYS AND CT ARE NEGATIVE. EE IS NOW OFF WORK AND WAITING ON AN MRI TO BE PERFORMED FOR AN EVALUATION AND DIAGNOSIS.

May 14, 2022 KY · Coal shuttle car operator, mantrip operator, ramcar operator, rail runner, buggy operator HANDLING OF MATERIALS
JRL Coal Inc · Over-exertion (Not Elsewhere Classified)

EE STATED: WAS TAKING A TIE OFF DOWN FOR THE SHUTTLE CAR CABLE WHEN THE TIE OFF DROPPED CAUSING A SUDDEN JERK TO EE'S ARM RESULTING IN PAIN AND BURNING IN THE RIGHT ELBOW AREA. EE WAS SEEN AT THE ER THEN HAD AN MRI ON 5-24-22.

March 21, 2022 KY · Coal FALL OF ROOF OR BACK
JRL Coal Inc · Accident type, without injuries

A ROOF FALL WAS DISCOVERED AT APPROXIMATELY 10:58 AM IN THE NUMBER 1 ENTRY INBY SPAD 1617 IN THE 3RD LEFT PANEL BLEEDER. NO PERSONS NOR VENTILATION WERE AFFECTED. THE FALL IS APPX. 150 FEET LONG X 20 FEET WIDE X 5 FEET HIGH. THE FALL WILL NOT BE CLEANED UP AND A PLAN TO RELOCATE THE BMP'S HAS BEEN SUBMITTED TO MSHA.

March 7, 2022 KY · Coal roof bolter, rock bolter, pinner, mobile roof support operator (mrs) FALL OF FACE/RIB/PILLAR/SIDE/HIGHWALL
JRL Coal Inc · Struck by falling object

EE STATED THAT A RIB ROLLED AND STRUCK EE'S BACK AND CAME TO REST ON EE'S ANKLE. EE WAS TRANSPORTED TO THE HOSPITAL WHERE XRAYS SHOWED A FRACTURE TO THE ANKLE.

February 8, 2022 KY · Coal roof bolter, rock bolter, pinner, mobile roof support operator (mrs) SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON
JRL Coal Inc · Fall onto or against objects

EE stated was carrying metal roof straps to the front of the bolt machine when EE stumbled and fell. When EE fell, EE landed on the metal strap resulting in a laceration to the right forearm. EE was transported to Harlan ARH then transferred by air evac to Pikeville medical. A tourniquet was applied by air evac immediately prior to flight.

2021 · 1 incident

May 15, 2021 KY · Coal master mechanic, foreman, supervisor FALL OF FACE/RIB/PILLAR/SIDE/HIGHWALL
JRL Coal Inc · Struck by falling object

EMPLOYEE WAS NEAR THE LOWER RIGHT RIB (CORNER) WHEN A PIECE OF ROCK FELL FROM THE RIB STRIKING EMPLOYEE IN THE LEFT LEG IN THE ANKLE AREA. EMPLOYEE WAS TRANSPORTED BY VEHICLE TO THE HOSPITAL. EMPLOYEE WAS DIAGNOSED WITH A BROKEN LEG.

2020 · 2 incidents

June 23, 2020 KY · Coal FALL OF ROOF OR BACK
JRL Coal Inc · Accident type, without injuries

THE CONTINUOUS MINER WAS IN THE #13 RUN WHILE RETREAT MINING WHEN A PIECE OF ROCK FELL STRIKING THE MINER CABLE CAUSING A DELAY IN BACKING THE MINER OUT OF THE RUN. THE ROOF FELL IN THE #13 RUN CAUSING THE MINER TO BE HUNG AND NOT TRAM OUT OF THE CUT. MSHA WAS NOTIFIED AND AN ACTION PLAN SUBMITTED TO UTILIZE A RETRIEVER TO REMOVE THE MINER.

April 19, 2020 KY · Coal electrician, lineman HANDTOOLS (NONPOWERED)
JRL Coal Inc · Struck by falling object

While attempting to install a track idler on the continuous miner EE was guiding the idler into place when the come along slipped and fell onto EE's left hand. EE was transported to Harlan ARH, where EE was x-rayed and 8 stitches were put in EE's pinky and ring finger.

2019 · 8 incidents

November 14, 2019 KY · Coal FALL OF ROOF OR BACK
JRL Coal Inc · Accident type, without injuries

THE CONTINUOUS MINER BECAME STUCK IN SOFT MINE BOTTOM WHILE PULLING PILLARS IN THE #3 ENTRY. THE ROOF FELL ON THE CONTINUOUS MINER BEFORE IT COULD BE TRAMMED BACK OUT OF THE RUN. VENTILATION NOR PERSONS WERE AFFECTED BY THE FALL.

September 30, 2019 KY · Coal FALL OF ROOF OR BACK
JRL Coal Inc · Accident type, without injuries

A ROOF FALL WAS DISCOVERED OUTBY IN THE 6TH RIGHT PANEL. IT IS LOCATED IN THE #4 ENTRY JUST INBY SPAD #842. THE ROOF FALL IS APX 90'L X 20'W X 10' HIGH. THE FALL DID NOT HAVE ANY AFFECT ON MINERS, EQUIPMENT NOR VENTILATION. THE FALL WILL NOT BE CLEANED UP. THE FALL IS CRIBBED, TIMBERED AND DANGERED OFF.

September 5, 2019 KY · Coal roof bolter, rock bolter, pinner, mobile roof support operator (mrs) HANDLING OF MATERIALS
JRL Coal Inc · Over-exertion in pulling or pushing objects

EE stated was installing a roof bolt and pushed against it to straighten it and install it in the hole when left shoulder popped. EE went to the Dr on 9-9-19 and has been off work pending an MRI.

August 10, 2019 KY · Coal scoop tram operator, load/haul/dump operator SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON
JRL Coal Inc · Over-exertion (Not Elsewhere Classified)

Employee stated was loading roof straps into the scoop bucket when employee's foot slipped causing pain to right knee. Employee continued to work until 12-9-19 when employee had surgery.

May 10, 2019 KY · Coal FALL OF ROOF OR BACK
JRL Coal Inc · Accident type, without injuries

A roof fall occurred outby 001 section in the #1 entry at x-cut 61. The fall was approximately 16 feet long x 20 feet wide x 6 feet in height. The fall did not have any effect on persons, equipment nor ventilation. An action plan was submitted and the area was re-supported.

April 30, 2019 KY · Coal roof bolter, rock bolter, pinner, mobile roof support operator (mrs) MACHINERY
JRL Coal Inc · Caught in, under or between running or meshing objects

EE WAS CHECKING THE SUCTION OF THE BOLT MACHINE AND HAD RIGHT HAND ON THE BOOM WHILE THE BOOM WAS BEING RAISED. EE INADVERTENTLY HAD RING FINGER IN THE SISSOR AREA RESULTING IN THE AMPUTATION OF THE FINGER BETWEEN THE 1ST AND 2ND JOINT. EE WAS TREATED AT HOLSTON VALLEY HOSPITAL AND THEY RETURNED TO WORK ON LIGHT DUTY THE NEXT SHIFT.

February 26, 2019 KY · Coal FALL OF ROOF OR BACK
JRL Coal Inc · Accident type, without injuries

A ROOF FALL OCCURRED ON 002 SECTION FROM 4 RIGHT THRU THE MID POINT OF NUMBER 2 AND 3 HEADING. APROX. 170 FEET X 20 FEET WIDE X UNKNOWN HEIGHT ABOVE ANCHORAGE. THE AREA WAS DANGERED, CRIBBED AND MINING CEASED IN THAT AREA, WITH THE SECTION BEING MOVED TO ANOTHER LOCATION. THE AREA WILL BE SEALED IN THE NEAR FUTURE.

January 31, 2019 KY · Coal electrician, lineman SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON
JRL Coal Inc · Over-exertion (Not Elsewhere Classified)

WHILE EXITING THE 544 LOADER THE EMPLOYEE SLIPPED. THE EMPLOYEE GRABBED THE HANDRAIL WITH LEFT HAND CAUSING A "JERK". THE EMPLOYEE FELT PAIN IN LEFT SHOULDER AND NECK. EMPLOYEE CONTINUED TO WORK UNTIL MARCH 2ND, 2020 WHEN EMPLOYEE SAW A DR. AND WAS TAKEN OFF WORK UNTIL NEXT APPT.