Mining Incidents

Big Oak Plant: 2 recorded fatalities Metal/Non-Metal

San Antonio, Bexar County, TX  ·  Active
MSHA Mine ID: 4101126

Big Oak Plant has $273K in proposed MSHA penalties and $5K outstanding across 5 contested dockets, plus health sampling and the full incident record.

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Fatalities
2
Total incidents
22
Years on record
2005–2025
Latest incident
Jun 2025
Compliance record
MSHA citations since 2000
340
citations
86
significant & substantial
$272,829
proposed penalties
$263,174
paid to date
96% of proposed penalties paid to date, a $9,655 gap.
Source: MSHA violations data, updated weekly.
Inspection activity
MSHA inspections since 2000
102
inspections on record
1,877
inspection hours
18.1
citations per 100 inspection hours
This rate is recorded citations divided by MSHA inspection hours, per 100 hours. It reflects inspection effort, not mine size or production.
340 citations across 1,877 inspection hours.
Source: MSHA inspections data, updated weekly.
Imminent-danger orders
A Section 107(a) order removes miners from an area when an inspector finds an imminent danger. Each order is lifted once the condition is corrected, so this counts orders issued, not orders now in effect.
4
Section 107(a) orders
Most recent order: 2019-03-18.
On record since 2011.
Source: MSHA imminent-danger order records, updated weekly.

Big Oak Plant has $273K in proposed MSHA penalties and $5K outstanding across 5 contested dockets.

Penalty disposition
Differences between proposed and paid penalties reflect both settlements and conference reductions and amounts still owed. Outstanding is the balance currently owed.
$273K
proposed penalties
$268K
current assessed
$263K
paid to date
$5K
outstanding
331 assessments are final orders; 5 contested dockets.
Of $53K in penalties contested before the Commission, $48K was upheld in final decisions.
As of the most recent assessment on 2025-11-13.
Source: MSHA assessed-violations and conference/litigation data, updated weekly.
Violation severity profile
Shares are computed over citations that carry the MSHA gravity and negligence coding; a small share of records are uncoded.
26.0%
significant & substantial
11.8%
high negligence or reckless
26.0%
reasonably likely or greater
36.6%
permanently disabling or fatal if injury occurs
Negligence coding: 0.0% none, 6.0% low, 82.2% moderate, 11.8% high, 0.0% reckless.
Source: MSHA violations gravity and negligence coding, updated weekly.
When citations were contested
Contesting a citation before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission is a lawful right. These figures state the public outcomes of that process, from MSHA's Contested Violations file.
10 citations taken to the federal commission · 3% of citations on record
  • Settled 8 · 80%
  • Stood as issued 2 · 20%
71%
S&S designation survived the contest
Counts a Significant & Substantial citation as surviving when a settlement or judge's decision kept the designation, or the contest was dismissed or defaulted so the citation stands as issued. Vacated and withdrawn citations, and settlements that removed the designation, count against.
of 7 decided S&S contests · industry: 79%
8%
Penalty reduction in decided contests
$64K proposed, $59K after decisions · industry: 39%
Source: MSHA Contested Violations file (public record), updated weekly. A dismissed or defaulted contest leaves the citation standing as issued; a vacated or withdrawn citation is removed from the violation record. Latest contest filed 2020-01-08.
Contested penalties
A reduction or dismissal at the Commission is a lawful outcome of contesting a proposed penalty. Figures are the proposed amount and the amount upheld in the docket's decision.
Largest penalties this mine contested before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission, with the outcome on record.
Docket Decision Judge Year Proposed / upheld
CENT 2019-0171 Prevail Miller 2020 $40K → $40K
CENT 2019-0133 Prevail Miller 2020 $9K → $5K
CENT 2019-0132 Settlement Miller 2019 $3K → $3K
CENT 2019-0196 Settlement Bulluck 2019 $242 → $242
CENT 2011-258M Settlement Lesnick 2011 $238 → $200
Source: FMSHRC civil penalty dockets and decisions (public record), updated weekly.
Health sampling
A sample is a point in time compliance measurement, not an individual exposure history. These figures describe MSHA sampling records and do not establish causation or personal dose.

Metal and nonmetal contaminants (personal samples)
Many samples are screening measurements of substances with no applicable exposure limit; they are counted as samples but excluded from every over-limit figure. Over-limit shares use only limit-tested samples.

Last sampled: 2025-11-13
20%
of limit-tested samples over the exposure limit
24
samples
10
limit-tested
Most sampled contaminants
  • Quartz, respirable, >1% Qtz102 over
  • Respirable dust, <.1mg14
Show the individual readings (24)
Date Contaminant Concentration Limit Conc / limit Occupation
2021-12-15 Quartz, respirable, >1% Qtz 0.4 0.36 1.11 Kiln/Dryer Operator
2021-12-15 Quartz, respirable, >1% Qtz 1.9 0.54 3.52 Kiln/Dryer Operator
2025-11-13 Respirable dust, <.1mg 0 Hand Loader
2025-11-13 Respirable dust, <.1mg 0 Crusher Oper/Worker
2025-11-13 Respirable dust, <.1mg 0 Truck Loader
2023-01-31 Quartz, respirable, >1% Qtz 0.24 0.37 0.65 Laborer, Bullgang
2023-01-31 Quartz, respirable, >1% Qtz 0.35 0.36 0.97 Front-end Loader Operator
2023-01-31 Respirable dust, <.1mg 0 Rotary Bucket Ex. Operator
2022-02-15 Quartz, respirable, >1% Qtz 0.24 0.47 0.51 Kiln/Dryer Operator
2016-11-09 Respirable dust, <.1mg 0 Washer Operator
2016-11-09 Respirable dust, <.1mg 0 Mechanic
2013-08-28 Respirable dust, <.1mg 0 Mechanic
2013-08-28 Quartz, respirable, >1% Qtz 0.16 0.68 0.24 Dry Screen Plant Operator
2010-09-29 Quartz, respirable, >1% Qtz 0.14 0.96 0.15 Cleanup Man
2010-09-29 Respirable dust, <.1mg 0 Mechanic
2010-09-29 Respirable dust, <.1mg 0 Front-end Loader Operator
2008-12-30 Respirable dust, <.1mg 0 Mechanic
2008-12-30 Respirable dust, <.1mg 0 Washer Operator
2008-12-30 Respirable dust, <.1mg 0 Laborer, Bullgang
2001-09-12 Quartz, respirable, >1% Qtz 0.44 1.64 0.27 Front-end Loader Operator
2001-09-12 Quartz, respirable, >1% Qtz 0.48 1.59 0.30 Welder, etc.
2001-09-12 Respirable dust, <.1mg 0 Pump, Slurry Mix Operator
2001-09-12 Quartz, respirable, >1% Qtz 0.28 2.18 0.13 Bobcat Operator
2001-09-12 Respirable dust, <.1mg 0 Front-end Loader Operator
Source: MSHA respirable dust, quartz, and noise sampling records, updated weekly. Metal/nonmetal contaminant figures come from MSHA's Personal Health Samples and Area Samples files (public record), updated weekly.

Big Oak Plant recorded 0.96 reportable injury cases per 100 full-time workers in 2025.

Injury rate, 2025
This rate is reportable injury cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers per year, computed as 200,000 times cases divided by MSHA operator-reported employee-hours. Cases are injuries MSHA graded degree 01 through 07; accident-only events that hurt no one are excluded, and so are contractor injuries, whose hours do not attach to a single mine. Rates begin in 2000, when quarterly employment reporting starts, and are withheld below 20,000 hours in a year.
0.96
total case rate
0.00
days-away rate
0.000
fatality rate
Below average. The US metal and nonmetal mining average was 1.65 and the all-US-mining average was 1.97 cases per 100 workers.
In Texas, metal and nonmetal mining averaged 1.17 cases per 100 workers that year.
Year total case rate days-away fatal
2025 0.96 0.00 0.000
2024 0.77 0.00 0.000
2023 0.77 0.77 0.774
2022 1.95 0.00 0.000
2021 3.40 1.13 0.000
2020 2.97 1.49 0.000
2019 2.00 1.00 0.000
2018 7.02 1.17 1.170
Source: injury cases from MSHA accident and injury records; employee-hours from MSHA quarterly employment reports. Rate is cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers, operator employees only.
Ownership history
  1. Osburn Materials Inc 1950 to 2017
  2. Superior Silica Sands LLC 2017 to present
Source: MSHA controller and operator history, updated weekly.
Workforce and production
Year Employees
2026 90
2025 100
2024 115
2023 115
2022 97
2021 78
2020 57
2019 95
2018 69
2017 25
2016 14
2015 15
2014 14
2013 14
2012 15
2011 14
2010 14
2009 14
2008 13
2007 14
2006 14
2005 12
2004 14
2003 18
2002 17
2001 17
2000 23
Source: MSHA quarterly employment and production, updated weekly.

Big Oak Plant sits in Bexar County, Texas, where the Census mining category is 0.6% of county employment.

Local economic context
County figures come from the US Census Bureau's American Community Survey, 5-year pooled estimates, so the 2023 vintage covers 2019 through 2023. The Census category is 'mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction', which is broader than MSHA jurisdiction and includes oil and gas workers no mine employs. These figures describe the surrounding county, not this mine, and are not a factor in any specific incident.
Bexar County, Texas · Population 2,037,344
0.6%
Mining share of county employment
$70,571
Median household income
Source: US Census Bureau, American Community Survey 2023 5-year estimates.
Quarterly safety rates
Citations per million reported employee-hours. Rates begin in 2000, when MSHA's quarterly employment data starts; earlier incidents are counted but cannot be rate-adjusted. Quarters under 100,000 reported hours are greyed: too few hours for a stable rate.
Citations per million employee-hours, as reported to MSHA
Quarter Hours worked Citations S&S Per 1M hrs
2026 Q2 70,310 0 0 0.0
2026 Q1 43,085 0 0 0.0
2025 Q4 48,664 21 1 431.5
2025 Q3 40,801 1 1 24.5
2025 Q2 65,040 0 0 0.0
2025 Q1 53,589 1 0 18.7
2024 Q4 60,715 0 0 0.0
2024 Q3 54,094 0 0 0.0
Show 98 earlier quarters
Quarter Hours worked Citations S&S Per 1M hrs
2024 Q2 83,581 2 1 23.9
2024 Q1 59,984 0 0 0.0
2023 Q4 60,117 9 4 149.7
2023 Q3 54,517 4 1 73.4
2023 Q2 72,015 56 18 777.6
2023 Q1 71,752 51 11 710.8
2022 Q4 64,864 1 0 15.4
2022 Q3 41,029 5 2 121.9
2022 Q2 56,695 7 1 123.5
2022 Q1 42,162 1 0 23.7
2021 Q4 55,945 2 0 35.7
2021 Q3 44,222 0 0 0.0
2021 Q2 36,762 11 3 299.2
2021 Q1 39,448 5 1 126.7
2020 Q4 37,675 3 1 79.6
2020 Q3 27,004 4 0 148.1
2020 Q2 19,474 0 0 0.0
2020 Q1 50,361 9 3 178.7
2019 Q4 45,551 0 0 0.0
2019 Q3 50,950 5 1 98.1
2019 Q2 48,068 1 0 20.8
2019 Q1 55,127 14 2 254.0
2018 Q4 52,969 12 9 226.5
2018 Q3 43,424 12 5 276.3
2018 Q2 44,402 6 1 135.1
2018 Q1 30,200 0 0 0.0
2017 Q4 23,716 5 2 210.8
2017 Q3 22,184 0 0 0.0
2017 Q2 12,507 2 0 159.9
2017 Q1 6,962 0 0 0.0
2016 Q4 8,631 0 0 0.0
2016 Q3 8,590 0 0 0.0
2016 Q2 8,462 1 0 118.2
2016 Q1 7,976 0 0 0.0
2015 Q4 8,848 1 1 113.0
2015 Q3 8,683 0 0 0.0
2015 Q2 8,157 1 1 122.6
2015 Q1 6,860 0 0 0.0
2014 Q4 7,706 2 1 259.5
2014 Q3 8,148 0 0 0.0
2014 Q2 8,335 3 2 359.9
2014 Q1 7,820 1 0 127.9
2013 Q4 7,507 0 0 0.0
2013 Q3 8,289 0 0 0.0
2013 Q2 8,462 1 0 118.2
2013 Q1 8,570 0 0 0.0
2012 Q4 8,807 1 0 113.5
2012 Q3 8,875 0 0 0.0
2012 Q2 7,949 1 0 125.8
2012 Q1 7,744 0 0 0.0
2011 Q4 7,704 2 1 259.6
2011 Q3 8,643 1 0 115.7
2011 Q2 8,910 0 0 0.0
2011 Q1 8,734 1 0 114.5
2010 Q4 8,548 0 0 0.0
2010 Q3 9,337 7 0 749.7
2010 Q2 8,781 2 0 227.8
2010 Q1 7,644 0 0 0.0
2009 Q4 8,208 2 1 243.7
2009 Q3 7,798 3 0 384.7
2009 Q2 8,081 0 0 0.0
2009 Q1 8,462 0 0 0.0
2008 Q4 8,427 0 0 0.0
2008 Q3 8,427 0 0 0.0
2008 Q2 9,098 0 0 0.0
2008 Q1 8,467 1 0 118.1
2007 Q4 8,250 0 0 0.0
2007 Q3 8,642 0 0 0.0
2007 Q2 8,447 1 1 118.4
2007 Q1 8,654 0 0 0.0
2006 Q4 8,326 0 0 0.0
2006 Q3 8,186 0 0 0.0
2006 Q2 8,011 0 0 0.0
2006 Q1 7,629 3 0 393.2
2005 Q4 7,557 0 0 0.0
2005 Q3 7,158 1 0 139.7
2005 Q2 7,859 0 0 0.0
2005 Q1 8,369 0 0 0.0
2004 Q4 8,618 4 0 464.1
2004 Q3 9,207 0 0 0.0
2004 Q2 9,651 0 0 0.0
2004 Q1 9,488 0 0 0.0
2003 Q4 10,566 0 0 0.0
2003 Q3 10,958 0 0 0.0
2003 Q2 11,251 0 0 0.0
2003 Q1 11,832 0 0 0.0
2002 Q4 11,871 0 0 0.0
2002 Q3 11,651 0 0 0.0
2002 Q2 10,116 0 0 0.0
2002 Q1 10,116 2 1 197.7
2001 Q4 9,572 0 0 0.0
2001 Q3 10,222 3 0 293.5
2001 Q2 10,286 0 0 0.0
2001 Q1 11,323 0 0 0.0
2000 Q4 12,457 0 0 0.0
2000 Q3 11,714 0 0 0.0
2000 Q2 11,418 3 0 262.7
2000 Q1 11,276 0 0 0.0

Fatalities at this mine

2 recorded
August 5, 2023 TX · Metal/Non-Metal haul/off road/coal/ore/pit/quarry/rock/rubber tire truck driver, transportation truck driver Fatality · SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Fall from machine

Improper procedure performed, improper PPE, and not following SOP. *A customer truck driver fell from a large container mounted on the trailer of the truck while descending the container. The customer truck driver died from the injuries on August 7, 2023.

June 23, 2018 TX · Metal/Non-Metal electrician, lineman Fatality · NONPOWERED HAULAGE
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Caught in, under or between a moving and a stationary object

On June 23, 2018 at approximately 9:20 am an employee mounted a pair of slow moving rail cars to apply the brakes. The employee fell and was struck by the pair of freewheeling hopper rail cars. The employee was fatally injured because of the fall and being struck by the moving rail cars.

Reportable incidents

20 on file (excluding fatalities above)

2025 · 1 incident

June 4, 2025 TX · Metal/Non-Metal maintenance man, mechanic, repair/serviceman, boilermaker, fueler, tire tech, field service tech HANDLING OF MATERIALS
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Struck against stationary object

It was a clear summer morning. Miner was working in a group replacing the impeller on a pump that had gone out.

2024 · 1 incident

January 13, 2024 TX · Metal/Non-Metal warehouseman, bagger, palletizer/stacker, store keeper, packager, fabricator, cleaning plant operator SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Over-exertion (Not Elsewhere Classified)

Clear day. Miner was walking on a soft surface walkway that was clear of debris and hurt their foot.

2022 · 4 incidents

May 25, 2022 TX · Metal/Non-Metal haul/off road/coal/ore/pit/quarry/rock/rubber tire truck driver, transportation truck driver OTHER
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Unclassified, insufficient data

We do not know if there is a recordable injury as no information has been provided after several attempts have been made to gather information. I do not know if there is an injury, the nature of it, or what treatments have been provided if any. I have no evidence of an actual fall and there is no video evidence. We are reporting for transparency.

May 14, 2022 TX · Metal/Non-Metal bulldozer operator, universal operator, heavy equipment operator, operating engineer MACHINERY
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Caught in, under or between running or meshing objects

Employee was operating Scraper. Employee went to check the cab filter while the machine was running, employee's left hand was caught between the door and the A/C blower motor catching ring finger and middle finger, leaving a laceration to both fingers. This resulted in two sutures in each of the affected fingers.

April 21, 2022 TX · Metal/Non-Metal belt foreman, maintenance foreman, maintenance supervisor MACHINERY
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Caught in, under or between a moving and a stationary object

Employee was going up to the upper level at the wet plant to complete a work order. The work order was to check a valve for operations. The valve was already taken off, it was open. Employee was in the process of taking the air hose off when the valve closed on employee's fingers amputating from the knuckles up.

February 17, 2022 TX · Metal/Non-Metal maintenance man, mechanic, repair/serviceman, boilermaker, fueler, tire tech, field service tech SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Fall from ladders

Employee was coming down the ladder after greasing the elevator. While climbing down a foot slipped. Employee grabbed ahold of the ladder rung so they would not fall and felt their arm pop. Employee said that the right arm hurt approximately 3" below the elbow.

2021 · 3 incidents

November 23, 2021 TX · Metal/Non-Metal maintenance man, mechanic, repair/serviceman, boilermaker, fueler, tire tech, field service tech HANDLING OF MATERIALS
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Caught in, under or between a moving and a stationary object

EE was pulling on a V-belt while installing it onto a pump motor sheave. When the V-belt slipped on to the sheave, EE's right hand middle finger got pinched between the belt and the sheave. When EE pulled the hand back, the tip of the middle finger from the nail bed forward was cut off.

November 6, 2021 TX · Metal/Non-Metal laborer, blacksmith, bull gang, parts runner, roustabout, pick-up man, pitman OTHER
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Bodily reaction, (Not Elsewhere Classified)

Employee bent down at the waist to inspect a loader pin, when EE stood EE's back tensed up and EE couldn't move.

2020 · 3 incidents

August 19, 2020 TX · Metal/Non-Metal maintenance man, mechanic, repair/serviceman, boilermaker, fueler, tire tech, field service tech MACHINERY
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Struck by... (Not Elsewhere Classified)

Technician was removing a blade from a John Deere 772G Motor Grader when the back of the bolt slipped out of the carriage and onto EE's finger. The air impact wrench continued to spin the bolt, which shifted it's position, causing a laceration to technician's hand through the work gloves. Technician received eight (8) stitches to the right index finger.

August 7, 2020 TX · Metal/Non-Metal maintenance man, mechanic, repair/serviceman, boilermaker, fueler, tire tech, field service tech HANDLING OF MATERIALS
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Struck by falling object

Employee was installing a conveyor belt take up pulley. While pushing the pulley into position, the pulley fell and struck the employee on EE's left arm and ankles.

April 17, 2020 TX · Metal/Non-Metal dry screening plant operator, screen house operator HANDLING OF MATERIALS
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Over-exertion in pulling or pushing objects

Employee was sliding out the bottom screen of a Screen Deck with a co-worker when employee felt a sharp pain in lower back.

2019 · 2 incidents

November 5, 2019 TX · Metal/Non-Metal ball/rod/pebble/hand/limestone/dry mill operator, roller operator HANDLING OF MATERIALS
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Over-exertion in lifting objects

EE was lifting a lid to a bag house. EE was lifting with one hand while grabbing on to a hand rail with the other hand and as they sat the lid back down is when they started complaining of back pain. Employee did complete the rest of shift that night and went on days off. On Friday they reported that they needed to see a doctor and was taken to the clinic.

March 7, 2019 TX · Metal/Non-Metal dry screening plant operator, screen house operator POWERED HAULAGE
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Struck against a moving object

Employee was shoveling sand at the end of shift and reported to supervisor that back was sore. EE completed shift and went on 3 days off. Upon returning, employee was fine and operated a loader, until a few hours into shift, EE advised supervisor that back was hurting and ee needed to go home.

2018 · 5 incidents

September 17, 2018 TX · Metal/Non-Metal bulldozer operator, universal operator, heavy equipment operator, operating engineer OTHER
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Absorption of radiations, caustics, toxic and noxious substances

Employee was using the porta-john toilet when ee felt discomfort to the lower right outside calf muscle. The employee indicated that ee was bitten by a spider. There was no evidence of any type of insect in the porta-john. There were however spider webs observed in the corners.

September 15, 2018 TX · Metal/Non-Metal miner, prospector, nec POWERED HAULAGE
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Struck by falling object

While Shoveling sand away from a hopper on the backside, sand fell from the hopper onto the shoulder, neck and head area of the employee

August 22, 2018 TX · Metal/Non-Metal bulldozer operator, universal operator, heavy equipment operator, operating engineer HANDLING OF MATERIALS
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Absorption of radiations, caustics, toxic and noxious substances

Employee was fueling equipment when the diesel fuel hose failed. The hose developed a hole causing diesel fuel to come in contact with the employee's eyes. The employee was wearing safety glasses at the time of the incident.

March 8, 2018 TX · Metal/Non-Metal laborer, blacksmith, bull gang, parts runner, roustabout, pick-up man, pitman HANDLING OF MATERIALS
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Struck against stationary object

Two employees were digging out sand beneath a conveyor that carries fine sand from the Hydrosizer to the sand pile. The employees were attempting to locate a power line to repair a short. One operator struck a metal support with shovel head when ee attempted to dig into the dirt. The impact caused a sprain/strain in left wrist.

January 11, 2018 TX · Metal/Non-Metal laborer, blacksmith, bull gang, parts runner, roustabout, pick-up man, pitman SLIP OR FALL OF PERSON
Superior Silica Sands LLC · Fall to the walkway or working surface

The employee sat down in a chair that then collapsed. As the employee fell to the floor a rivet from the chair cut the employee's left forearm near the elbow.

2005 · 1 incident

September 6, 2005 TX · Metal/Non-Metal maintenance man, mechanic, repair/serviceman, boilermaker, fueler, tire tech, field service tech POWERED HAULAGE
Osburn Materials Inc · Struck by rolling or sliding object

IW was removing mounting links. This required frame to be blocked from vertical and forward movement, but was only blocked vertically by IW. When last pin was removed elevator frame rolled forward pinning IW between scraper bowl and elevator frame.