34% of proposed penalties paid to date, a $376,374 gap.
Source: MSHA violations data, updated weekly.
Inspection activity
MSHA inspections since 2000
515
inspections on record
17,658
inspection hours
8.3
citations per 100 inspection hours
ⓘThis rate is recorded citations divided by MSHA inspection hours, per 100 hours. It reflects inspection effort, not mine size or production.
1,465 citations across 17,658 inspection hours.
Source: MSHA inspections data, updated weekly.
Imminent-danger orders
ⓘA Section 107(a) order removes miners from an area when an inspector finds an imminent danger. Each order is lifted once the condition is corrected, so this counts orders issued, not orders now in effect.
1
Section 107(a) orders
Most recent order: 2014-11-14.
On record since 2014.
Source: MSHA imminent-danger order records, updated weekly.
Penalty disposition
ⓘDifferences between proposed and paid penalties reflect both settlements and conference reductions and amounts still owed. Outstanding is the balance currently owed.
$570K
proposed penalties
$470K
current assessed
$193K
paid to date
$277K
outstanding
1,425 assessments are final orders; 15 contested dockets.
Of $371K in penalties contested before the Commission, $271K was upheld in final decisions.
As of the most recent assessment on 2026-01-07.
Source: MSHA assessed-violations and conference/litigation data, updated weekly.
Violation severity profile
ⓘShares are computed over citations that carry the MSHA gravity and negligence coding; a small share of records are uncoded.
Source: MSHA violations gravity and negligence coding, updated weekly.
Injury rate, 2023
ⓘThis rate is reportable injury cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers per year, computed as 200,000 times cases divided by MSHA operator-reported employee-hours. Cases are injuries MSHA graded degree 01 through 07; accident-only events that hurt no one are excluded, and so are contractor injuries, whose hours do not attach to a single mine. Rates begin in 2000, when quarterly employment reporting starts, and are withheld below 20,000 hours in a year.
0.00
total case rate
0.00
days-away rate
0.000
fatality rate
Below average. The US coal mining average was 3.17 and the all-US-mining average was 2.10 cases per 100 workers.
Under 100,000 employee-hours were reported that year, so a single case moves the rate by two or more. Read the figure as approximate.
Year
total case rate
days-away
fatal
2023 *
0.00
0.00
0.000
2022 *
0.00
0.00
0.000
2021 *
0.00
0.00
0.000
2017 *
0.00
0.00
0.000
2016 *
0.00
0.00
0.000
2015 *
0.00
0.00
0.000
2014
1.45
1.45
0.000
2013 *
0.00
0.00
0.000
* Fewer than 100,000 employee-hours that year; the rate is less stable.
Source: injury cases from MSHA accident and injury records; employee-hours from MSHA quarterly employment reports. Rate is cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers, operator employees only.
Health sampling
ⓘA sample is a point in time compliance measurement, not an individual exposure history. These figures describe MSHA sampling records and do not establish causation or personal dose.
Respirable coal dust
ⓘRespirable coal dust and silica figures cover coal facilities. Dust compliance is measured against the current 1.5 mg/m3 standard; samples predating the 2014 standard are included, so compliance rates are a coarse historical signal.
Last sampled: 2026-01-08
98%
within 1.5 mg/m3
478
samples
3.30
dust max (mg/m3)
0
over MSHA ECV
ⓘThe excessive concentration value (ECV) is MSHA's own per-sample enforcement threshold, which builds in measurement uncertainty; a sample over its ECV can trigger a citation. The count covers only samples MSHA assigned an ECV.
345 samples taken by MSHA inspectors, 133 by the operator.
Noise
ⓘThe share counts noise samples whose measured dose exceeded the 90 dBA permissible exposure limit. It describes the sampled workplace, not what reached the miner's ear: hearing conservation programs and the hearing protection worn during the shift are recorded separately and are not reflected here.
When citations were contested
ⓘContesting a citation before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission is a lawful right. These figures state the public outcomes of that process, from MSHA's Contested Violations file.
30citations taken to the federal commission · 2% of citations on record
Settled
25 · 83%
Stood as issued
5 · 17%
95%
S&S designation survived the contest
ⓘCounts a Significant & Substantial citation as surviving when a settlement or judge's decision kept the designation, or the contest was dismissed or defaulted so the citation stands as issued. Vacated and withdrawn citations, and settlements that removed the designation, count against.
of 21 decided S&S contests · industry: 79%
27%
Penalty reduction in decided contests
$363K proposed, $265K after decisions · industry: 39%
Source: MSHA Contested Violations file (public record), updated weekly. A dismissed or defaulted contest leaves the citation standing as issued; a vacated or withdrawn citation is removed from the violation record. Latest contest filed 2025-02-13. Vacated and withdrawn citations are removed from the file this view attributes through, so that outcome is slightly undercounted here.
Contested penalties
ⓘA reduction or dismissal at the Commission is a lawful outcome of contesting a proposed penalty. Figures are the proposed amount and the amount upheld in the docket's decision.
Largest penalties this controller contested before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission, with the outcome on record.
THE VICTIM WAS OPERATING AN AERIAL BOOM TRUCK INSIDE THE BUCKET TO DISMANTLE A SHOP BUILDING. THE VICTIM & TWO OTHER EMPLOYEES WERE USING THE BOOM OF THE BUCKET TRUCK TO LIFT UP WOODEN 4X6 POST. THE POST WAS BURIED IN THE GROUND WITH CONCRETE. WHILE LIFTING THE POST, THE VICTIM WAS THROWN OUT OF THE BUCKET WHEN THE POST SUDDENLY RELEASED FROM THE GROUND.
THE VICTIM WAS OPERATING A BOOM TRUCK, ASSISTING IN THE TAKING DOWN OF A LINE DROP TOWER FROM AN ELECTIRCAL SUBSTATION. THE WINCH ROPE BROKE CAUSING HIM TO BE THROWN FROM THE BUCKET OF THE BOO M TRUCK. HE FELL APPROXIMATELY 25 FEET. (THIS WAS NOT AN ELECTRICAL ACCIDENT. THE SUBSTATION WAS NOT IN SERVICE.)
May 23, 2002KY · Coalelectrician, linemanFatality · ELECTRICAL
THE ELECTRICIAN WAS WORKING ON A GROUNDED SHUTTLE CAR CABLE AND RECEIVED FLASH BURNS WHEN A SHORT CIRCUIT OCCURED AT THE FEMALE RECEPLACLE ON THE ELECTRICAL POWER CENTER.
November 24, 1993KY · Coalroof bolter, rock bolter, pinner, mobile roof support operator (mrs)Fatality · FALL OF ROOF OR BACK
FOR SOME UNKNOWN REASON THE VICTIM ADVANCED IN BY ROOF SUPPORTS WITH THE ROOF BOLTING MACHINE, AND IN ADDITION THE PROTECTIVE CANOPY WITH HIS ENTIRE BOYD. AS A RESLT A PIEC EOF THE UNSUPPORTE D ROOF FELL AND INFLICTED THE FATA INJURY. THIS WAS IN #4 ENTRY 003 SECTION.
For insurers, brokers, and safety consultants
Where Charles Collins stands on silica, penalties, and injury rate
MSHA's standard limits respirable silica to 50 micrograms per cubic metre, but MSHA publishes
dust and quartz as separate files and never the silica figure itself. We derive it per sample,
score it against the limit, and set the operator's injury rate against a benchmark built from
the full MSHA operator record. With the 26-year penalty trail, contest posture, and fatality
history. Delivered as a PDF with the underlying data as CSV.