85% of proposed penalties paid to date, a $216,126 gap.
Source: MSHA violations data, updated weekly.
Inspection activity
MSHA inspections since 2000
4,054
inspections on record
52,681
inspection hours
10.1
citations per 100 inspection hours
ⓘThis rate is recorded citations divided by MSHA inspection hours, per 100 hours. It reflects inspection effort, not mine size or production.
5,296 citations across 52,681 inspection hours.
Source: MSHA inspections data, updated weekly.
Imminent-danger orders
ⓘA Section 107(a) order removes miners from an area when an inspector finds an imminent danger. Each order is lifted once the condition is corrected, so this counts orders issued, not orders now in effect.
9
Section 107(a) orders
Most recent order: 2021-08-10.
On record since 2011.
Source: MSHA imminent-danger order records, updated weekly.
Penalty disposition
ⓘDifferences between proposed and paid penalties reflect both settlements and conference reductions and amounts still owed. Outstanding is the balance currently owed.
$1.4M
proposed penalties
$1.2M
current assessed
$1.2M
paid to date
$7
outstanding
5,221 assessments are final orders; 190 contested dockets.
Of $632K in penalties contested before the Commission, $416K was upheld in final decisions.
As of the most recent assessment on 2024-01-31.
Source: MSHA assessed-violations and conference/litigation data, updated weekly.
Violation severity profile
ⓘShares are computed over citations that carry the MSHA gravity and negligence coding; a small share of records are uncoded.
Source: MSHA violations gravity and negligence coding, updated weekly.
Injury rate, 2025
ⓘThis rate is reportable injury cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers per year, computed as 200,000 times cases divided by MSHA operator-reported employee-hours. Cases are injuries MSHA graded degree 01 through 07; accident-only events that hurt no one are excluded, and so are contractor injuries, whose hours do not attach to a single mine. Rates begin in 2000, when quarterly employment reporting starts, and are withheld below 20,000 hours in a year.
0.00
total case rate
0.00
days-away rate
0.000
fatality rate
Below average. The US metal and nonmetal mining average was 1.65 and the all-US-mining average was 1.97 cases per 100 workers.
Under 100,000 employee-hours were reported that year, so a single case moves the rate by two or more. Read the figure as approximate.
Year
total case rate
days-away
fatal
2025 *
0.00
0.00
0.000
2024 *
0.00
0.00
0.000
2023
0.78
0.00
0.000
2022
3.02
1.51
0.000
2021
1.61
0.58
0.000
2020
2.06
0.39
0.000
2019
2.24
0.79
0.000
2018
2.17
0.29
0.000
* Fewer than 100,000 employee-hours that year; the rate is less stable.
Source: injury cases from MSHA accident and injury records; employee-hours from MSHA quarterly employment reports. Rate is cases per 100 full-time-equivalent workers, operator employees only.
Health sampling
ⓘA sample is a point in time compliance measurement, not an individual exposure history. These figures describe MSHA sampling records and do not establish causation or personal dose.
Respirable coal dust
ⓘRespirable coal dust and silica figures cover coal facilities. Dust compliance is measured against the current 1.5 mg/m3 standard; samples predating the 2014 standard are included, so compliance rates are a coarse historical signal.
Last sampled: 2001-03-29, 25 years ago
100%
within 1.5 mg/m3
20
samples
0.64
dust max (mg/m3)
20 samples taken by MSHA inspectors, 0 by the operator.
Most-sampled occupations
COAL TRUCK DRIVER4
HIGHLIFT OPERATOR/FRONT END LOADER4
BULLDOZER OPERATOR3
Noise
ⓘThe share counts noise samples whose measured dose exceeded the 90 dBA permissible exposure limit. It describes the sampled workplace, not what reached the miner's ear: hearing conservation programs and the hearing protection worn during the shift are recorded separately and are not reflected here.
Metal and nonmetal contaminants (personal samples)
ⓘMany samples are screening measurements of substances with no applicable exposure limit; they are counted as samples but excluded from every over-limit figure. Over-limit shares use only limit-tested samples.
Last sampled: 2026-04-07
11%
of limit-tested samples over the exposure limit
1,319
samples
485
limit-tested
Most sampled contaminants
Quartz, respirable, >1% Qtz45652 over
Respirable dust, <.1mg582
Unlisted Particulate, respirable, <1% Qtz200
Nuisance dust, respirable, <1% Qtz21
Area samples (mill and shop air)
Last sampled: 2016-07-20, 10 years ago
15
samples
Source: MSHA respirable dust, quartz, and noise sampling records, updated weekly. Metal/nonmetal contaminant figures come from MSHA's Personal Health Samples and Area Samples files (public record), updated weekly.
When citations were contested
ⓘContesting a citation before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission is a lawful right. These figures state the public outcomes of that process, from MSHA's Contested Violations file.
344citations taken to the federal commission · 6% of citations on record
Settled
283 · 82%
Stood as issued
59 · 17%
Vacated or withdrawn
2 · 1%
66%
S&S designation survived the contest
ⓘCounts a Significant & Substantial citation as surviving when a settlement or judge's decision kept the designation, or the contest was dismissed or defaulted so the citation stands as issued. Vacated and withdrawn citations, and settlements that removed the designation, count against.
of 172 decided S&S contests · industry: 79%
34%
Penalty reduction in decided contests
$627K proposed, $413K after decisions · industry: 39%
Source: MSHA Contested Violations file (public record), updated weekly. A dismissed or defaulted contest leaves the citation standing as issued; a vacated or withdrawn citation is removed from the violation record. Latest contest filed 2023-07-25. Vacated and withdrawn citations are removed from the file this view attributes through, so that outcome is slightly undercounted here.
Contested penalties
ⓘA reduction or dismissal at the Commission is a lawful outcome of contesting a proposed penalty. Figures are the proposed amount and the amount upheld in the docket's decision.
Largest penalties this controller contested before the Federal Mine Safety and Health Review Commission, with the outcome on record.
Knife River miners were replacing a screen. Our sales representative was on site. He was on site to provide technical assistance. He was struck in the head by the feeder box. EMS was notified and responded. A Knife River operator notified MSHA within 15 minutes. Injured person was taken to the hospital where he then passed away.
December 8, 2011MN · Metal/Non-Metalwarehouseman, bagger, palletizer/stacker, store keeper, packager, fabricator, cleaning plant operatorFatality · POWERED HAULAGE
Employee was placing removable legs on a transfer conveyor. Conveyor was held in place by a loader. Removable leg fell and struck employee in the face, fatally injuring the employee.
June 27, 2005OR · Metal/Non-Metalbulldozer operator, universal operator, heavy equipment operator, operating engineerFatality · MACHINERY
The victim was operating a track dozer to clean off a drill bench in preparation for drilling. The bench was 45 feet above the quarry floor. Apparently the victim was attmpting to turn the dozer around on the bench, backed off this area, and fell to the quarry floor.
EE WAS MOVING THE EXCAVATOR WHEN THE ROAD COLLAPSED AND THE EXCAVATOR TIPPED OVER INTO THE WATER TRAPPING HIM INSIDE.
For insurers, brokers, and safety consultants
Where MDU Resources Group Inc stands on silica, penalties, and injury rate
MSHA's standard limits respirable silica to 50 micrograms per cubic metre, but MSHA publishes
dust and quartz as separate files and never the silica figure itself. We derive it per sample,
score it against the limit, and set the operator's injury rate against a benchmark built from
the full MSHA operator record. With the 26-year penalty trail, contest posture, and fatality
history. Delivered as a PDF with the underlying data as CSV.